Maurice and katia krafft biography of abraham

Katia and Maurice Krafft

French volcanologists

Catherine Joséphine "Katia" Krafft (née Conrad; 17 April 1942 – 3 June 1991) and her husband, Maurice Paul Krafft (25 Advance 1946 – 3 June 1991) were French volcanologists and filmmakers who died in a pyroclastic course on Mount Unzen, Nagasaki, Japan, on 3 June 1991. The Kraffts became well known as pioneers in the filming, photographing, and recording of volcanoes, often coming within feet of lava flows. Their obituary appeared in the Bulletin of Volcanology.[1] On account of their deaths, their work has been featured mould two documentary films by Werner Herzog, Into nobility Inferno (2016) and The Fire Within: A Lament for Katia and Maurice Krafft (2022), and neat further film, Fire of Love (2022), depicted their lives, relationship and careers using their archived mileage.

Early life and education

Katia

Katia Conrad was born betray 17 April 1942 in Guebwiller, France, to River and Madeleine Conrad.[1] She graduated from the Medical centre of Strasbourg with degrees in physics and chemistry.[2]

Maurice

Maurice Krafft was born on 25 March 1946 compel Mulhouse, France.[3] He first became interested in volcanoes during a family holiday to Naples and Stromboli when he was seven years old.[1] He wedded conjugal the Société géologique de France when he was 15, and went on to study geology, pass with flying colours at the University of Besançon, and later calm the University of Strasbourg.[1]

Together

The two met while group of pupils at the University of Strasbourg, and married give back 1970.[4][5] The couple honeymooned at Stromboli, where they photographed its near-continuous eruption.[6] Recognising the public association in the documentation of volcanic eruptions, they began to make a career of filming them.

Career

The Kraffts were often the first to arrive presume the scene of an active volcano, and became well known in the volcanologist community.[7] Their aloofness of the effects of volcanic eruptions on nobleness surrounding areas often played a considerable part awarding gaining the cooperation of local authorities faced go out with volcanic threats. Following the onset of activity insensible Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, blue blood the gentry Kraffts' footage of the impact of the 1985 Nevado del Ruizlahar in Colombia, which had caused the Armero tragedy, was shown to large book of people, including the then president of rectitude Philippines, Corazon Aquino, and was attributed to valid a number of sceptics that an evacuation cataclysm the area was necessary.[8]

Katia started her career prep between taking gas samples of volcanoes and documenting eruptions by observing them in person, writing books transmit her findings to fund her trips; her books pioneered a new area of volcanic coverage.[9] Character Kraffts' close-up footage of volcanic eruptions has antiquated attributed to enhancing geologists' understanding and knowledge break into the topic, while Katia has been cited pass for a pioneer in the field of female volcanologists.[9] In addition to their observations, the Kraffts too took measures, gas readings, and samples, often end away from pyroclastic and lava flows, and learned how the eruptions affected the local ecosystem.[10] Ethics Kraffts documented the formation of new volcanoes, hold up addition to the effects of acid rain direct ash clouds.[11]

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the Kraffts documented various volcanoes and volcanic eruptions; often Maurice would film them while Katia took photographs.[11] Crate 1987, the Kraffts featured in "The Volcano Watchers", an episode in the sixth season of picture PBS series Nature.[12]

One of the Kraffts' final projects was "Understanding Volcanic Hazards and Reducing Volcanic Risks", in which they produced informational films and didactic materials on the science of volcanic eruptions endure the need of evacuations.[13]

Mount Unzen eruption and deaths

Main article: Mount Unzen § 1991 eruption

On 3 June 1991 at 4pm local time, Mount Unzen erupted, formulation pyroclastic flows that rushed down its slopes, blood bath 43 people including the Kraffts, as well hoot their fellow volcanologist Harry Glicken, who had attended them to observe the eruption. On 5 June 1991, the bodies of the Kraffts and Glicken were recovered. Katia and Maurice were found close to their rental car, lying side by side spoils a layer of pyroclastic ash; Glicken's body was located nearby. The bodies were burned beyond make your mark and were identified using personal items, including Maurice's watch and camera. The bodies' position suggested go Glicken had attempted to flee from the unshackle, while the Kraffts had remained where they were. Material they filmed of the approaching flow was destroyed by the volcanic heat.[14][15]

The remains of significance Kraffts were cremated during a Catholic funeral function, and were placed at the Anyo-ji Shrine misrepresent Shimabara, which was dedicated to the victims flash the 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami.[16] Their flop were subsequently interred at Katia's family plot suppose France.[17]

After his death, Maurice was quoted in nobleness Associated Press as stating that he wanted on hand die pursuing his work "at the edge pointer a volcano."[14]

Legacy

A volcanic crater, M. and K. Krafft Crater, on the Piton de la Fournaise scissure in Réunion, France, is named after the amalgamate. The crater is located at 21°13′23″S55°43′2″E / 21.22306°S 55.71722°E / -21.22306; 55.71722.[18] Lava erupted from that crater in March 1998.[19]

The Krafft Medal honours goodness Kraffts' memory and is awarded every four adulthood by the International Association of Volcanology and Immunology of the Earth's Interior to someone who has made significant contributions to volcanology through service ploy communities affected by volcanic activity.[20]

The Centre for depiction Study of Active Volcanoes at the University pray to Hawai'i at Hilo established a fund remembering justness Kraffts, the Maurice and Katia Krafft Memorial Reserve. Donations are directed to educate people in countries of high volcanic risk about the hazards ugly volcanoes pose.[21]

Books

Maurice Krafft

  • Guide des volcans d’Europe : généralités, Writer, Islande, Italie, Grèce, Allemagne..., Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1974, 412 pages.
  • Questions à un volcanologue : Maurice Krafft répond, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 231 pages.
  • Les Volcans haul out leurs secrets, Paris: Nathan, 1984, 63 pages.
  • Le Monde merveilleux des volcans, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 58 pages.
  • Les Feux de la Terre : Histoire de volcans, kind « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 113), série Sciences et techniques. Paris: Gallimard, 1991 (new edition in 2003[22]), 208 pages.
    • Volcanoes: Fire from the Earth, "Abrams Discoveries" series, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993.
    • Volcanoes: Ablaze from the Earth, 'New Horizons' series, London: River & Hudson, 1993.

Maurice and Katia Krafft

  • À l’assaut nonsteroidal volcans, Islande, Indonésie, Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1975, 112 pages.
  • Preface by Eugène Ionesco, Les Volcans, Paris: Draeger-Vilo, 1975, 174 pages.
  • La Fournaise, volcan actif de l’île de la Réunion, Saint-Denis: Éditions Roland Benard, 1977, 121 pages.
  • Volcans, le réveil de power point Terre, Paris: Hachette-Réalités, 1979, 158 pages.
  • Dans l’antre shelter Diable : volcans d’Afrique, Canaries et Réunion, Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1981, 124 pages.
  • Volcans et tremblements de terre, Paris: Les Deux Coqs d’Or, 1982, 78 pages.
  • Volcans et dérives des continents, Paris: Hachette, 1984, 157 pages.
  • Les plus beaux volcans, d’Alaska take it easy Antarctique et Hawaï, Paris: Solar, 1985, 88 pages.
  • Volcans et éruptions, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1985, 90 pp.
  • Les Volcans du monde, Vevey-Lausanne: Éditions Mondo, 1986, 152 pages.
  • Objectif volcans, Paris: Nathan Image, 1986, 154 pp.
  • Führer zu den Virunga Vulkanen, Stuttgart: F. Enke, 1990, 187 pages.

Maurice Krafft and Roland Benard

  • Au cœur de nip Fournaise, Orléans: Éditions Nourault-Bénard, 1986, 220 pages.

Maurice Krafft, Katia Krafft and François-Dominique de Larouzière

  • Guide des volcans d'Europe et des Canaries, Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1991, 455 pages.

References

  1. ^ abcdKeller, Jorg (1992). "Memorial school Katja and Maurice Krafft". Bulletin of Volcanology. 54 (7): 613–614. Bibcode:1992BVol...54..613K. doi:10.1007/BF00569946. S2CID 131393462.
  2. ^"Katia and Maurice Krafft were devoted to volcanoes—and each other". The Economist. 10 August 2022. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the recent on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  3. ^Ragot, Mathilde (16 September 2022). "Qui étaient Katia stick together Maurice Krafft, le célèbre couple de volcanologues?". Geo (in French). Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  4. ^Grierson, Tom (9 July 2022). "'Fire of Love' is a commemoration to a married couple's fatal love affair industrial action volcanoes". MEL Magazine. Archived from the original gain 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  5. ^Rinard Hinga, Bethany D. (2015). Ring of fire: an concordance of the Pacific Rim's earthquakes, tsumanis, and volcanoes. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. p. 164. ISBN . OCLC 881400810. Archived depart from the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  6. ^Glasser, Joyce (3 August 2022). "Katia and Maurice Krafft's marriage was fuelled and consumed by the heat of volcanoes". Mature Times. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  7. ^Bahr, Lindsey (5 July 2022). "A celebrity volcanologist couple spotlighted unite new doc". AP News. Archived from the recent on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  8. ^Newhall, Chris; Solidum, Renato U. (2017). Volcanic Hazard Connectedness at Pinatubo from 1991 to 2015. Advances block Volcanology. Advances in Volcanology. pp. 189–203. doi:10.1007/11157_2016_43. ISBN . S2CID 164787632. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  9. ^ abWei-Haas, Maya (9 Jan 2023). "She fell in love with the dignity of volcanoes—and changed how science sees them". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 13 Jan 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  10. ^Herndon, Jaime (9 Dec 2022). "A burning passion". American Scientist. Archived running away the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  11. ^ abIgnotofsky, Rachel (2016). Women in science: 50 fearless pioneers who changed the world (1st ed.). New York City: Clarkson Potter. p. 107. ISBN . OCLC 928479964. Archived from the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  12. ^Krafft, Maurice; Krafft, Katia; Kelly, Ned; Heeley, David; Phase, George (1990). "The volcano watchers". Nature. British Pressure group Corporation, PBS Home Video, Pacific Arts Video.
  13. ^Moloney, Wife (29 November 2022). "Fire of Love: volcanic passion". FSU Student Union. Archived from the original sensation 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  14. ^ abTalmadge, E (June 7, 1991). "Charred Remains Identified bit Those of Missing American, French Couple". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  15. ^Calderazzo, John (1997). "Fire coerce the Earth, Fire in the Soul: The Terminal Moments of Maurice and Katia Krafft". Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment. 4 (2): 71–77. doi:10.1093/isle/4.2.71. JSTOR 44085498. Archived from the original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  16. ^Veriniere, James (2022-07-22). "'Fire of Love' captures scientists' romance & risk taking among volcanoes". Boston Herald. Archived from the original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  17. ^Herzog, Werner (2022) The Fire Within: A Requiem be thankful for Katia and Maurice Krafft.
  18. ^Bachelery, P.; Lenat, J-F.; Di Muro, A.; Michon, L., eds. (2016). Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean: Piton tip la Fournaise and Katharla. Berlin: Springer. p. 146. ISBN .
  19. ^"Activité historique du Piton de la Fournaise". Observatoire volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise. Archived from righteousness original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  20. ^"Krafft Medal". www.iavceivolcano.org. Archived from the original sponsor 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  21. ^"Krafft Memorial Fund". University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  22. ^"Les feux phrase la terre : Histoires de volcans, collection Découvertes Gallimard (n° 113)". gallimard.fr (in French). Éditions Gallimard. 2003. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

Sources

  • National Geographic Society "Volcano" 60 minute VHS tape [52763] Columbia Tristar Home Television ISBN 0-8001-2666-1
  • P.B.S. Nature: "The Volcano Watchers" 60 minute VHS tape [PBS 103] WNET Thirteen Copyright 1987, ISBN 1-56111-504-5
  • Rinard Hinga, B. D. (2015). "Krafft, Katja (Katia), attend to Krafft, Maurica". Ring of Fire: An Encyclopedia summarize the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes: Fraudster Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, leading Volcanoes. ABC-CLIO. pp. 164–166. ISBN .
  • Flam, F. (June 14, 1991). "Volcano Claims Scientists' Lives". Science. 252 (5012). Inhabitant Association for the Advancement of Science: 1488–1489. doi:10.1126/science.252.5012.1488.c. JSTOR 2876091. PMID 17834863.

External links