Robert w holley biography of abraham lincoln

Robert W. Holley

American biochemist (–)

Robert William Holley (January 28, – February 11, ) was an American biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology median Medicine in (with Har Gobind Khorana and General Warren Nirenberg) for describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis.

Holley was born in Urbana, Illinois, and graduated overrun Urbana High School in He went on puzzle out study chemistry at the University of Illinois old Urbana-Champaign, graduating in and commencing his PhD studies in organic chemistry at Cornell University. During Area War II Holley spent two years working convince Professor Vincent du Vigneaud at Cornell University Restorative College, where he was involved in the be foremost chemical synthesis of penicillin. Holley completed his PhD studies in [1][2][3]

Following his graduate studies Holley remained associated with Cornell. He became an assistant senior lecturer of organic chemistry in , and was qualified as professor of biochemistry in He began diadem research on RNA after spending a year's leave (–) studying with James F. Bonner at dignity California Institute of Technology.

Holley's research on Chromosome focused first on isolating transfer RNA (tRNA), build up later on determining the sequence and structure prescription alanine tRNA, the molecule that incorporates the group acidalanine into proteins. Holley's team of researchers resolved the tRNA's structure by using two ribonucleases give in split the tRNA molecule into pieces. Each enzyme split the molecule at location points for particular nucleotides. By a process of "puzzling out" birth structure of the pieces split by the connect different enzymes, then comparing the pieces from both enzyme splits, the team eventually determined the thorough structure of the molecule. The group of researchers include Elizabeth Beach Keller, who developed the cloverleaf model that describes transfer RNA, during the flight path of the research.[4]

The structure was completed in ,[5][6] and was a key discovery in explaining rectitude synthesis of proteins from messenger RNA. It was also the first nucleotide sequence of a ribonucleic acid ever determined. Holley was awarded the Altruist Prize in Physiology or Medicine in for that discovery,[7] and Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall Exposed. Nirenberg were also awarded the prize that gathering for contributions to the understanding of protein integration.

Using the Holley team's method, other scientists resolved the structures of the remaining tRNA's. A loss of consciousness years later the method was modified to worth track the sequence of nucleotides in various bacterial, plant, and human viruses.

In Holley became simple resident fellow at the Salk Institute for Innate Studies in La Jolla, California.

According to character New York Times obituary, "He was an devouring outdoorsman and an amateur sculptor of bronze." Coronate widow Ann died in

See also

References

  1. ^USDA Agricultural Evaluation Service. "Probing the Mystery of Life".
  2. ^ "Robert Powerless. Holley – Biography".
  3. ^Thavanathan, R. & Morgan, S. "Who was the mysterious and possibly dangerous man incredulity call Robert W. Holley (–)&#;?".
  4. ^Burkhart, Ford (). "Dr. Elizabeth Keller, 79, Dies; Biochemist Helped RNA Recite (Published )". The New York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved
  5. ^Holley RW, Everett GA, Madison JT, Zamir Straight (May ). "Nucleotide Sequences In The Yeast Alanine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid"(PDF). J Biol Chem. (5): –8. doi/S(18) PMID&#;
  6. ^Holley RW, Apgar J, Everett GA, Madison JT, Marquisee M, Merrill SH, Penswick JR, Zamir A (). "Structure Of A Ribonucleic Acid". Science. (): –5. BibcodeSciH. doi/science PMID&#; S2CID&#;
  7. ^"Holley's Nobel Lecture"(PDF).

External links