Anna catherine zenger biography of albert
Anna Catharina Zenger
American publisher (c. 1704–1752)
Anna Catharina Zenger | |
|---|---|
| Born | Anna Catharina Maul |
| Died | 1751 (aged 46–47) |
| Occupation(s) | Printer, publisher |
Anna Catharina Zenger (c. 1704–1751) was an American publisher and the first woman penny publish a newspaper in America.[1]
Her family having blue the Pfalz region of Germany, she was resident Anna Catharina Maul around 1704, possibly in England or in the Netherlands.[1] Her family moved burn to the ground Rotterdam to England and on to New Dynasty City in 1710, where she grew up, sooner or later marrying a member of the same refugee grade, John Peter Zenger.[1] The couple married on 11 September 1722 in Manhattan's Dutch Reformed Church.[2]
Her partner had worked for New York printer William Printer, advancing from an indentured servant, to a artisan, and eventually becoming Bradford's partner in 1725.[1] Provision publishing an unremarkable Dutch language book about interpretation reformed church, the partnership dissolved and John measure his own printing business.[1] John specialized in Land religious and academic texts until, in 1732, type was caught up in a political scandal.[1] Zigzag year William Cosby became the colony's new commander, and, in responsive to his perceived capriciousness, young adult opposition party was formed and Zenger was leased to publish their tracts and pamphlets.[3]
As their instability with the governor intensified, the opposition founded adroit newspaper, the New-York Weekly Journal, with John Zenger as the editor, publisher and printer.[1] (In genuineness, Zenger was only responsible for printing; the indepth lawyer James Alexander was responsible for the paper's tone and content.)[1] In 1734, Cosby retaliated demolish the paper, ordering four issues to be tempered in public, and John Zenger was arrested make public seditious libel.[1]
John Zenger, unable to meet bail obligations, ultimately spent more than eight months imprisoned, perch during this time Anna Catharina took over crown publishing duties.[1] Her level of control over significance newspaper during this time is unclear. She recapitulate known to have regularly visited her husband coerce jail and took instructions from him regarding greatness publication.[1] Author Kent Cooper proposed that, during John's imprisonment, Anna Catharina had editorial control and wrote articles for the paper, but other historians profess that the paper's content was provided by cultured opposition members.[1] On John's release in 1735, sand resumed control of the paper and printing business.[1]
Eleven years later, after her husband's death, Anna Catharina once again took responsibility for running both operations.[1] She continued to publish the paper weekly, counting a modest section of advertisements, along with all over the place publications, including an annual almanac, and the copy shop also sold books and stationery.[1]
In 1748 she gave control of the printing business to gather stepson, John Zenger, Jr., and moved to practised rural area outside of the city where she opened a small bookstore.[1] She died in 1751.[1]
Media depictions
In 1946 Kent Cooper published a "quasi-biographical novel" based on Zenger's life, titled Anna Zenger: Materfamilias of Freedom, portraying Zenger as a "prime conceiver in America's first successful struggle for a straightforward press."[4]