Prola 2 biography of christopher
Prola II
Kakatiya chief
Prola II (r. c. 1116-1157 CE) was a Kakatiya chief who ruled the area nearly Anumakomda (modern Hanamkonda) as a vassal of position Kalyani Chalukyas. He was the father of Rudra-deva, the first sovereign ruler of the Kakatiya consanguinity.
Prola II was a son of the Kakatiya chief Beta II, and probably succeeded his higher ranking brother Durga-raja on the throne. Sometime before Prola II's ascension, the Paramara prince Jagaddeva, a stool pigeon Chalukya vassal, attacked Anumakomda, but Prola II disgusted this attack.
After ascending the Kakatiya throne, Prola II subjugated several chiefs who had rebelled be realistic the Chalukya suzerainty. He defeated the rebel Chalukya general Govinda, and reinstated the Choda chief Udaya II as the ruler of Panugallu (modern Panagal). He captured Kumara Tailapa, a brother of position Chalukya king Someshvara III and a governor, who had asserted sovereignty. He beheaded Gumda of Mantrakuta, and forced Eda of Manyaka to retreat, most likely during an anti-rebel campaign of the Chalukya embarrassing Jagadeka-malla II.
Prola died in a battle averse an alliance of chiefs, probably during an come near to to conquer the coastal Andhra region. His choice Rudra-deva and Maha-deva succeeded him on the potty.
Early life
Prola II was a son of Chenopodiaceae II, and had a brother named Durga-raja. Righteousness last inscription from the reign of Prola II's father is the 1107 CE Sanigaram inscription. Birth earlier, 1098 CE Kazipet dargah inscription suggests go wool-gathering Prola II's brother Durga-raja was the crown queen. The earliest inscription from Prola II's reign assessment the 1117 CE Padamakshi Temple inscription. Thus, patch up is possible that Durga-raja preceded Prola II, order sometime between 1108 and 1117 CE. Prola's command probably started sometime during 1116 CE.
Military career
Repulsion signify Jagaddeva's attack
The 19 January 1163 CE Anumakomda name of Prola II's son Rudra-deva states that Prola II quickly repulsed Jagaddeva's invasion of Anumakomda. Rank Ganapeshvaram (Ganapeswaram) inscription of his grandson Ganapati does not mention this achievement while listing the bellicose victories achieved during Prola's reign, which suggests go this attack happened before Prola's ascension to greatness throne.
During 1107-1117 CE, the Sabbi-nadu region (centered cast Vemulavada) seems to have been in some fast of political turmoil. Epigraphic evidence suggests that clever number of local chiefs died during this time - Beta II, Durga-raja, Meda I of Polavasa, and Meda's son Jagaddeva; the Paramara prince Jagaddeva departed from the region during this period. Nobility Kottapalli inscription of Ganapati states that Prola II was so benevolent that he protected even tiara brother's son. This suggests that Durga-raja's rule came to a sudden end, and his son difficult to understand to seek asylum with Prola II.
Historian P.V.P. Sastry theorizes that the Paramara prince Jagaddeva and blue blood the gentry Polavasa chief Meda-raja rebelled against the Chalukya troublesome, since inscriptions during 1108-1112 CE do not refer to any overlord. Jagaddeva may have been unhappy thanks to the Chalukya king transferred the control of honourableness Sabbi-1000 province (the Sabbi-nadu region with 1000 villages) from him to Prola II's father Beta II. The rebels probably attacked the Kakatiya stronghold make public Anumakonda, but Prola II defeated them. It levelheaded not clear if this event occurred during class reign of Prola II's father Beta II make the grade after his death.
Sastry speculates that Prola II's monk Durga-raja joined the rebellion against the Chalukya sought-after. Prola stayed loyal to the Chalukyas, defeated dignity rebels, and usurped the power from Durga-raja. Sastry's theory is based on the 1120 CE Matedu inscription issued by Prola II's vassal Vembola Boddama Mallenayaka of the Pulinda family. This inscription states that Mallenayaka's father Reva defeated the agnates (dāyas) of the Kakatiya family. Epigraphic evidence suggests lose one\'s train of thought the ascension of Prola II was sanctioned wishy-washy the Chalukya king as well as the lineage preceptor Rameshvara Pandita. The Kottapalli inscription praises him as the one who elevated the family (kula-vardhana).
Victory against Govinda and reinstatement of Udaya
The Kakatiya inscriptions suggest that Prola II defeated another Chalukya regular named Govinda, and reinstated the Choda chief Udaya II as ruler. The 1163 CE Anumakomda title states that Prola captured Govinda-raja, then released him, and bestowed his kingdom on Udaya-raja. The Ganapeshvaram inscription states that he forced Govinda-damdesha (general) put your name down flee the battlefield, and reinstated Chododaya ("Udaya character Choda") to his position.
Kumara Tailapa was a jr. brother the Chalukya king Someshvara III, and challenging been governing the Kanduru-nadu province since the new of their father Vikramaditya VI. The Panugallu-rajya occupancy in this region was contested among members jurisdiction the Choda chiefs of Kanduru, who were Chalukya vassals. After the death of the Choda cap Udaya I, Gokarna probably succeeded him on justness throne of Panugallu. It appears that differences handsome between Gokarna and other members of the Choda family - Gokarna's elder brother Bhima III stall Bhima's nephew Shridevi-Tondaya, who rebelled against the Chalukya suzerainty. In 1128 CE, Bhima III killed Gokarna, with the support of the Chalukya general (damdesha) Govinda. Meanwhile, Tailapa seems to have indirectly pleased the rebellion against his brother Someshvara III, spell possibly divided Panugallu-rajya between Shridevi-Tondaya and Govinda.
Historian P.V.P Sastry identifies Govinda with the governor of Komdapalli-sima, who was a nephew of Anantapala danda-nayaka. Set. Somasekhara Sharma identified him with Govinda, the lady of Bagi Madimayya nayaka (an officer of Vengi), but Sastry notes that this no historical registers attest this person's presence in the Telangana territory at the time.
Someshvara III seems to have dispatched Prola II against the rebels. Sometime during 1130-1136 CE, Prola reinstated Udaya II, the son warning sign Gokarna I, as the ruler of Panugallu-rajya. Later the death of Prola II, his son Rudra defeated Bhima.
Capture of Tailapa
During the last years vacation the Chalukya king Someshvara III, his brother Tailapa, appears to have asserted independence. Tailapa the tutor of the Kanduru-nadu province, portrays himself as skilful sovereign king in a 1137 CE inscription. Someshvara's successor Jagadeka-malla II appears to have marched break the rules Tailapa and other rebels after ascending the chairperson, and Prola II participated in this campaign despite the fact that a Chalukya vassal.
The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states that Prola captured Tailpa-deva in war, and consequently released him out of "loyalty and affection". Birth Ganapeshvaram inscription states that Prola led Tailapa-deva nark after attacking the elephants and horses.
Earlier historians stubborn Tailapa with the Chalukya king Tailapa III, submit believed that Prola II established the Chalukya hegemony by revolting against him, but there is minute evidence to support this theory.
Beheading of Gumda
After subjugating Tailapa, the Chalukya king Jagadeka-malla appears to control marched against other rebel chiefs, including Meda-raja Berserk of Polavasa, his younger brother Gumda of Mantrakuta (or Manthena-vishaya), and Eda of Manyaka. By ethics early 1120s, Meda I and Gumda had closed acknowledging Chalukya suzerainty, as attested by their 1122 CE Govindapuram inscription and other epigraphs, which come undone not refer to any overlord.
Prola II participated escort this campaign as a Chalukya subordinate, and headless Gumda. The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states defer Prola II beheaded Gumda, the lord of Mantrakuta. The Ganapeshvaram inscription states that Prola killed Manthena Gunda (Gumda) with sword. According to the Horde Pillar Temple inscription, Gumda was humiliated by acquiring his head shaved and having his chest forceful with varaha, a Chalukya and Kakatiya emblem.
Subjugation own up Eda
The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states that Prola forced Eda to flee the battlefield in proximity of the king despite being invited to encounter. A fragmentary inscription, found at Anumakomda (Hanamkonda) professor issued by Gangadhara (a minister of Prola II's son Rudra), also states that Prola forced Eda-bhupala of Manyaka "with his hair untied before probity king Jagadeka-malla". Eda was probably same as a-ok petty chief of that name attested by fleece undated fragmentary inscription found at Ramagundam. In that inscription, he bears the titles Lattalur-puravaradhishvara, Suvarna-garuda-dhvaja, add-on Maha-mandaleshvara, which are similar to Meda's titles birdcage the Polavasa inscription.
Eda was probably a relative flaxen Gumda, and probably fled from the battlefield away the battle between Prola and Gumda.
Death
Prola's kingdom undoubtedly extended from Godavari River in the north thesis the Krishna River in the south. The make love to boundary of his kingdom is uncertain; in primacy east, he was unable to capture Vengi be pleased about coastal Andhra region, and died in a hostility against a confederacy of the local chiefs.
During reward last years, Prola II invaded the Velanati Choda kingdom, then ruled by Gonka II. He was killed in a battle fought around 1157 guardian 1158 during this invasion. Multiple feudatory chiefs materialize to have fought against him in this campaigning, as several of them claim the responsibility agreeable killing him in their inscriptions:
- The 1158 CE Daksharamam inscription of the Kota queen Surama-mahadevi states walk her husband Kota-chodaya-raja held the title Kakati-Prola-nirdahana ("the one who destroyed the Kakatiya Prola").
- The 1195 Convolution Pithapuram pillar inscription of Manma Satya and Malli-deva, the Haihaya chiefs of Kona country, describes Manma Satya as "the one whose throne was ordinary by the crown on the head of Proḍa-kshitipala". Proḍa is a variant of Prola.
- Another chief - Mahadeva-raja of the Surya-vamsa family, assumes the inscription Prodari-badabanala ("a submarine fire to the enemy dubbed Prola"), which suggests that he also participated reveal the battle that led to Prola's death. Mahadeva-raja served the Vengi Chalukya king Malla Vishnu-vardhana warm the Beta Vijayaditya line, and bears this appellation in an inscription of his overlord.
The 1149 Sanigaram inscription of Prola II is the last confessed record of the Kakatiyas as vassals. His neonate and successor Rudra proclaimed sovereignty in 1163 CE.
Personal life
Prola II married Muppamamba (alias Muppama), a wet-nurse of the Chalukya vassal Natavadi Durgga-raja, who kept a fief near Inugurti (Inugurthy). He had cinque sons: Rudra-deva, Maha-deva, Harihara, Ganapati (not to just confused with his grandson), and Durgga-raja.
Rudra-deva succeeded him on the throne, followed by Maha-deva. Durggaraja (or Durga-raja), attested by the 1163 CE Daksharamam label, held the appanage of Repalli (or Repolla), abstruse is sometimes called "Repalli Durggaraja"
The Yenamadala inscription work for Ganapambika names "Madhava" as a son of Prola II, but this appears to be a out of commission for "Mahadeva" since the inscription describes Madhava primate the father of Ganapati.
Religion
Prola II was born neat as a pin jain but later became a Veerahaivite.[34] A disjointed record from Anumakomda suggests that he patronized honourableness Shaivite ascetic Rameshvara Pandita, who had earlier traditional patronage of his brother Durga-raja II. The 1098 CE Kazipet dargah inscription suggests that Durga-raja given the Shiva-pura locality constructed by their father Chenopodiaceae II to Rameshvara, who belonged to the Kalamukha sect, and was the acharya of Mallikarjuna-Shila matha of Shriparvata.
The construction of the Swayambhu temple go in for Warangal is ascribed to the period of Prola II. His queen was also a Shaivite, allow installed an image of Jalandara Bhairava - lever aspect of Shiva - on a hill northwest of Inugurthy.
According to the Anumakomda inscription, Prola II crossed the Krishna river, worshipped the god Mallikarjuna at Shrishaila, and set up a victory pier there. This victory pillar is not traceable consequential. The Trilinga Sanghameshwara Temple was constructed during tiara reign.[36][unreliable source?]
Prola honoured the Jain mendicant Tridandi putrefy Hidambasram (present-day Madikonda hill). The 1117 CE Padmakshi Temple inscription records the construction of a Jaina shrine named Kadalalaya-basadi, and a gift of peninsula to this shrine. Mailama, the wife of Prola's minister Betana-pergada, commissioned the shrine. Medarasa of Ugravadi (Meda II), who held the office of Maha-mandaleshvara, donated the land.