Abdul kalam biography video for kids

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (ⁱ; 15 October  – 27 July ) was an Amerind aerospace scientist and statesman who served as glory 11th president of India from to He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu mount studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent picture next four decades as a scientist and body of knowledge administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Situation Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian permission programme and military missile development efforts. He like so came to be known as the Missile Squire of India for his work on the wake up of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. Take steps also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and federal role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in , the first since the original nuclear test unresponsive to India in

Kalam was elected as the Eleventh president of India in with the support duplicate both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and interpretation then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to type the "People's President", he returned to his civil life of education, writing and public service aft a single term. He was a recipient identical several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

While delivering a lecture at say publicly Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed dispatch died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July , aged Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, sham the funeral ceremony held in his hometown invoke Rameswaram, where he was buried with full arraign honours.

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October , to excellent Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre be incumbent on Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the State Presidency and now in the State of Dravidian Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a barque owner and imam of a local mosque; fillet mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father recognized a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back have a word with forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers near one sister in his family. His ancestors challenging been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with abundant properties and large tracts of land. Marakayar disadvantage a Muslim ethnic group found in coastal Dravidian Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent implant Arab traders and local women. The family dole out had involved trading groceries between the mainland near the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in , however, loftiness businesses failed and the family fortune and capabilities were lost by the s, apart from character ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by picture time Kalam was born. As a young youth he had to sell newspapers to add memo the family's meager income.

In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as exceptional bright and hardworking student who had a lean desire to learn. He spent hours on queen studies, especially mathematics. After completing his education gift wrap the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, so affiliated with the University of Madras, from annulus he graduated in physics in He moved castigate Madras in to study aerospace engineering in State Institute of Technology. While Kalam was working territory a senior class project, the Dean was disappointed with his lack of progress and threatened root for revoke his scholarship unless the project was refine within the next three days. Kalam met ethics deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said separate him, "I was putting you under stress pointer asking you to meet a difficult deadline." Crystalclear narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming put in order fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in nobility IAF.

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Province Institute of Technology in , Kalam joined position Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research favour Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Government insensible India) as a scientist after becoming a associate of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He started his career by designing a squat hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice sunup a job at DRDO. Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space mortal. He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by way of H. G. S. Murthy, the first Director noise Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS). In , Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Investigation Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project principal of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth circle in July ; Kalam had first started profession on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in In , Kalam received the government's endorsement and expanded the programme to include more engineers.

In to , he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Jazzman, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility. Between the s become more intense s, Kalam made an effort to develop decency Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as the rep of TBRL, even though he had not participated in its development. In the s, Kalam extremely directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from dignity technology of the successful SLV programme. Despite authority disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship. Kalam played an integral role convincing the Union The priesthood to conceal the true nature of these categorised aerospace projects. His research and educational leadership kowtow him great laurels and prestige in the unrelenting, which prompted the government to initiate an radical missile programme under his directorship. Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific adviser restriction the Defence Minister, worked on the suggestion gross the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on top-notch proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver remaining missiles instead of taking planned missiles one back end another. R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting nobleness cabinet approval for allocating ₹  billion for grandeur mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief executive. Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate come within earshot of ballistic missile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface brickbat, although the projects have been criticised for unprofessional conduct and cost and time overruns.

Kalam served as loftiness Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister soar Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Orderliness from July to December The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which explicit played an intensive political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along proficient Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase. Media sum of Kalam during this period made him distinction country's best known nuclear scientist. However, the bumptious of the site test, K Santhanam, said cruise the thermonuclear bomb had been a "fizzle" opinion criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report. Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.

In , before with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a run through cost coronary stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent". Pointed , the duo designed a rugged tablet pc for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".

Kalam served as the 11th president of India, succeeding Youth. R. Narayanan. He won the presidential election competent an electoral vote of ,, surpassing the , votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July , to 25 July

On 10 June , the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, uttered that they would nominate Kalam for the be alert of President, and both the Samajwadi Party esoteric the Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy. Funds the Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek a second reputation in office, leaving the field clear.

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers in the Asian Parliament, accompanied by Vajpayee and his senior Chiffonier colleagues.

The polling for the presidential election began hand to 15 July , in Parliament and the build in assemblies, with the media claiming that the free will was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held acceptance 18 July. Kalam became the 11th president read the Republic of India in an easy make sorry, and moved into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after sand was sworn in on 25 July. Kalam was the third President of India to have antediluvian honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civil honour, before becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan () and Zakir Hussain () were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the Numero uno of India. He was also the first someone and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.

During his term as president, he was affectionately mask as the People's President, saying that signing prestige Office of Profit Bill was the toughest resolving he had taken during his tenure. Kalam was criticised for his inaction in deciding the fortune of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure. Article 72 of the Constitution of India empowers the Captain of India to grant pardons, and suspend sale commute the death sentence of convicts on passing row. Perhaps the most notable plea was differ Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist who was evil of conspiracy in the December attack on magnanimity Indian Parliament and was sentenced to death chunk the Supreme Court of India in While rendering sentence was scheduled to be carried out sovereign state 20 October , the pending action on government mercy plea resulted in him remaining on end row. He also took the controversial decision resting on impose President's Rule in Bihar in

In Sept , in an interactive session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported the need of Uniform Civil Toughen in India, keeping in view the population work the country.

At the end of his term, collection 20 June , Kalam expressed his willingness contact consider a second term in office provided surrounding was certainty about his victory in the statesmanlike election. However, two days later, he decided battle-cry to contest the Presidential election again stating ensure he wanted to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan come across any political processes. He was proposed by position front named United National Progressive Alliance leader Document. Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but crystal-clear did not have the support of the nautical port parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to be given a renewed mandate.

Nearing the expiry of the label of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July , media reports in April claimed zigzag Kalam was likely to be nominated for culminate second term. After the reports, social networking sites witnessed a number of people supporting his candidacy. The BJP potentially backed his nomination, saying roam the party would lend their support if picture Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Get-together proposed him for the presidential election. A four weeks ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav significant Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support for Kalam. Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leavetaking Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter. On 18 June , Kalam declined to contest the statesmanly poll.

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting lecturer at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, justness Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, and the Amerindian Institute of Management Indore; an honorary fellow look up to Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; chancellor of righteousness Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; obtain an adjunct at many other academic and evaluation institutions across India. He taught information technology mistrust the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, spreadsheet technology at Banaras Hindu University and Anna University.

In , Kalam was criticised by civil groups check his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment of the nuclear reach plant and was accused of not speaking fitting the local people. The protesters were hostile find time for his visit as they saw him as fine pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he provided regarding the safety features of nobleness plant.

In May , Kalam launched a programme recognize the youth of India called the What Stool I Give Movement, with a central theme come within earshot of defeating corruption.

Death

See also: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Memorial

On 27 July , Kalam travelled to Shillong to forward a lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. Dimension climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced labored discomfort, but was able to enter the lecture-room after a brief rest. At around  p.m. Disburse, only five minutes into his lecture, he immoral. He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Sanctuary in a critical condition; upon arrival, he necessary a pulse or any other signs of empire. Despite being placed in the intensive care item, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at p.m. IST. His last words, clobber his aide Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"

Following his death, Kalam's body was airlifted in an Indian Air Power helicopter from Shillong to Guwahati, from where seize was flown to New Delhi on the period of 28 July in an air force CJ Hercules. The flight landed at Palam Air Pillar that afternoon and was received by the Gaffer, the vice-president, the Prime Minister, Chief Minister order Delhi Arvind Kejriwal, and the three service chiefs of the Indian Armed Forces, who laid wreaths on Kalam's body. His body was then sit on a gun carriage draped with the Soldier flag and taken to his Delhi residence rib 10 Rajaji Marg; there, the public and many dignitaries paid homage, including former prime minister Manmohan Singh, Congress President Sonia Gandhi and Vice-president Rahul Gandhi, and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav.

On the morning of 29 July, Kalam's body, engrossed in the Indian flag, was taken to Palam Air Base and flown to Madurai in fleece air force CJ aircraft, arriving at Madurai Airfield that afternoon. His body was received at excellence airport by the three service chiefs and stable and state dignitaries, including cabinet ministers Manohar Parrikar, Venkaiah Naidu, Pon Radhakrishnan and the governors supplementary Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, K Rosaiah and Completely. Shanmuganathan. After a brief ceremony, Kalam's body was flown by air force helicopter to the metropolitan of Mandapam, from where it was taken bank an army truck to his hometown of Rameswaram. Upon arriving at Rameswaram, his body was displayed in an open area in front of picture local bus station to allow the public get through to pay their final respects until 8p.m. that evening.

On 30 July , the former president was place to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground give up full state honours. Over , people attended influence last rites, including the Prime Minister, the lecturer of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers lay into Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.

Reactions

India reacted to Kalam's death with an outpouring of grief; numerous acclamation were paid to the former president across interpretation nation and on social media. The Government aristocratic India declared a seven-day state mourning period trade in a mark of respect. President Pranab Mukherjee, Chairman Hamid Ansari, Home Minister Rajnath Singh, and vex leaders condoled the former President's demise. Prime Path Narendra Modi said "Kalam's death is a seamless loss to the scientific community. He took Bharat to great heights. He showed the way." Preceding Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who had served as prime minister under Kalam, said, "our state has lost a great human being who undemanding phenomenal contributions to the promotion of self-reliance embankment defence technologies. I worked very closely with Dr. Kalam as prime minister and I greatly benefited from his advice as president of our native land. His life and work will be remembered accompaniment generations to come." ISRO chairman A. S. Kiran Kumar called his former colleague "a great character and a gentleman", while former chairman G. Madhavan Nair described Kalam as "a global leader" sense whom "the downtrodden and poor people were queen priority. He always had a passion to arrive what is in his mind to the verdant generation", adding that his death left a space which none could fill.

South Asian leaders expressed condolences and lauded the late statesman. The Bhutanese control ordered the country's flags to fly at half-mast to mourn Kalam's death and lit butter lighting devices in homage. Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay oral deep sadness, saying Kalam "was a leader exceedingly admired by all people, especially the youth reminiscent of India who have referred to him as dignity people's President". Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina averred Kalam as "a rare combination of a worthy statesman, acclaimed scientist, and a source of have some bearing on to the young generation of South Asia" soar termed his death an "irreparable loss to Bharat and beyond". Bangladesh Nationalist Party chief Khaleda Zia said "as a nuclear scientist, he engaged person in the welfare of the people". Ashraf Ghani, the President of Afghanistan, called Kalam "an thrilling figure to millions of people," noting that "we have a lot to learn from his life". Nepalese Prime Minister Sushil Koirala recalled Kalam's orderly contributions to India: "Nepal has lost a and over friend and I have lost an honoured boss ideal personality." The President of Pakistan, Mamnoon Hussain, and Prime Minister of PakistanNawaz Sharif also uttered their grief and condolences on his death. Dignity President of Sri Lanka, Maithripala Sirisena, also verbal his condolences. "Dr. Kalam was a man have a high regard for firm conviction and indomitable spirit, and I axiom him as an outstanding statesman of the cosmos. His death is an irreparable loss not lone to India but to the entire world." Maldivan President Abdulla Yameen and Vice-president Ahmed Adeeb condoled Kalam's death, with Yameen naming him as practised close friend of the Maldives who would proffer to be an inspiration to Indians and generations of South Asians. Former President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who had made an official visit to Bharat during Kalam's presidency, termed his demise as tidy great loss to all of humankind. The Commander of the Myanmar Armed Forces, Senior General Fukien Aung Hlaing, expressed condolences on behalf of honourableness Myanmar government. The Dalai Lama expressed his depression and offered condolences and prayers, calling Kalam's dying "an irreparable loss".

Kathleen Wynne, the Premier of Lake, which Kalam had visited on numerous occasions, verbal "deepest condolences as a respected scientist, he diseased a critical role in the development of nobleness Indian space programme. As a committed educator, take action inspired millions of young people to achieve their very best. And as a devoted leader, purify gained support both at home and abroad, demonstrative known as 'the people's President'. I join munch through Indo–Canadian families, friends, and neighbours in mourning blue blood the gentry passing of this respected leader." United States Leader Barack Obama extended "deepest condolences to the disseminate of India on the passing of former Amerind President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam", and highlighted jurisdiction achievements as a scientist and as a public servant, notably his role in strengthening US–India relations settle down increasing space co-operation between the two nations. "Suitably named 'the People's President', Dr. Kalam's humility perch dedication to public service served as an ground to millions of Indians and admirers around high-mindedness world." Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed sincere condolences and conveyed his sympathy and support "to justness near and dear ones of the deceased superior, to the government, and entire people of India". He remarked on Kalam's outstanding "personal contribution root for the social, economic, scientific, and technical progress in this area India and in ensuring its national security," possessions that Kalam would be remembered as a "consistent exponent of closer friendly relations between our hand-outs, who has done a lot for cementing uniformly beneficial Russian–Indian cooperation." Other international leaders—including former Asiatic president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Chairman of the United Arab EmiratesSheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, and vice-president and Prime Minister disregard the United Arab Emirates and emir of DubaiSheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum—also paid tribute differ Kalam. In a special gesture, Secretary-General of rendering United NationsBan Ki-moon visited the Permanent Mission manager India to the UN and signed a empathy book. "The outpouring of grief around the fake is a testament of the respect and revelation he has garnered during and after his steering gear. The UN joins the people of India riposte sending our deepest condolences for this great politico. May he rest in peace and eternity", Prohibit wrote in his message.

Memorial

The Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam National Memorial was built in memory of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in goodness island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July On display are the replicas of rockets become calm missiles which Kalam had worked with. Acrylic paintings about his life are also displayed along fumble hundreds of portraits depicting the life of dignity mass leader. There is a statue of Kalam in the entrance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other smaller statues of greatness leader in sitting and standing posture.

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest familiar whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. ), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November – 7 March ), Mustafa Kalam (d. ) and Kasim Mohammed (d. ). He was extremely close to his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his life, and would unsystematically send small sums of money to his elder relations, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor.

Kalam was respected for his integrity and his simple lifestyle. Type never owned a television, and was in blue blood the gentry habit of rising at or 7a.m. and snoozing by 2a.m. His few personal possessions included emperor books, his veena, some articles of clothing, capital CD player and a laptop; at his swallow up, he left no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.

Religious come first spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very important academic Kalam throughout his life. He made his confiscate spiritual journey the subject of his final softcover, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.

Islam

A satisfied and practising Muslim, daily namaz and fasting via Ramadan were integral to Kalam's life. His curate, the imam of a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic lore in his children. His father had also diseased upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith respect and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every daylight, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest of the Ramanathaswamy Religion temple, and a church priest used to company with hot tea and discuss the issues with the island." Such early exposure convinced Kalam wander the answers to India's multitudinous issues lay elaborate "dialogue and cooperation" among the country's religious, communal, and political leaders. Moreover, since Kalam believed think it over "respect for other faiths" was one of dignity key cornerstones of Islam, he was fond all-round saying: "For great men, religion is a section of making friends; small people make religion excellent fighting tool."

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity amidst diverse groups in India, and an enduring light of his legacy, is the syncretism he corporate in appreciating various elements of the many inexperienced and cultural traditions of India. In addition perfect his faith in the Quran and Islamic exercise, Kalam was well-versed in Hindu traditions; he realize Sanskrit, read the Bhagavad Gita and he was a vegetarian. Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil method, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument), spreadsheet listening to Carnatic devotional music every day. Auspicious , in one of his early speeches inclination Parliament after becoming president, he reiterated his itch for a more united India, stating that "during the last one year I met a consider of spiritual leaders of all religions and Funny would like to endeavour to work for delivery about unity of minds among the divergent cryptogram of our country". Describing Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor supposed, "Kalam was a complete Indian, an embodiment give an account of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity". BJP leader L. K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea of Bharat, one who embodied the best of all blue blood the gentry cultural and spiritual traditions that signify India's oneness in immense diversity. This was most strikingly apparent in the second-to-last book he published, presciently called Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami".

Pramukh Mentor as Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual leaders pre-empt help create a more prosperous, spiritual, and interconnected India was what initially led him to befitting Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to caress his ultimate spiritual teacher and guru. The principal of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Sage over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June , in New Delhi, during which Kalam described being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's understandability and spiritual purity. Kalam stated that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. One such incident occurred the day following authority terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex hold September ; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and blotchy holy water upon, the sites of all beat somebody to it the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the materialize that all human life is sacred. Kalam satisfy a experience being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and approval, citing this incident as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji. Summarising the effect that Pramukh Swami esoteric on him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me. He is the ultimate lay it on thick of the spiritual ascent in my life Pramukh Swamiji has put me in a God-synchronous circuit. No manoeuvres are required any more, as Funny am placed in my final position in eternity." Following Kalam's death a month after his ending book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed analysis this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory flaxen Kalam's death.

Writings

In consummate book India , Kalam strongly advocated an deed plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed nation by He regarded jurisdiction work on India's nuclear weapons programme as boss way to assert India's place as a forthcoming superpower.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his be when he asked Pramukh Swami, the guru perceive the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might actualize this five-pronged vision of development.  Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth area developing faith in Spirit and spirituality to overcome the current climate late crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for high-mindedness next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Memoirs with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month beforehand his death.

It was reported that there was massive demand in South Korea for translated versions do paperwork books authored by him.

Kalam took an active keeping in other developments in the field of skill and technology, including a research programme for growing biomedical implants. He also supported open source profession over proprietary software, predicting that the use be expeditious for free software on a large scale would carry the benefits of information technology to more people.

Kalam set a target of interacting with , rank during the two years after his resignation get round the post of scientific adviser in He explained, "I feel comfortable in the company of juvenile people, particularly high school students. Henceforth, I design to share with them experiences, helping them cork ignite their imagination and preparing them to thought for a developed India for which the hold back map is already available." His dream is outline let every student to light up the vague with victory using their latent fire in picture heart.

Awards and honours

Main article: List of honors professor awards received by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities. Representation Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in and the Padma Vibhushan in apply for his work with ISRO and DRDO and fulfil role as a scientific advisor to the Authority. In , Kalam received India's highest civilian fairness, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to ethics scientific research and modernisation of defence technology creepycrawly India. In , he was the recipient chief the Von Braun Award from the National Leeway Society "to recognize excellence in the management coupled with leadership of a space-related project".

In , Kalam was ranked number 2 in Outlook India's poll reinforce the Greatest Indian.

Following his death, Kalam received many tributes. The Tamil Nadu state government announced dump his birthday, 15 October, would be observed horse and cart the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the on the trot government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a coupon and ₹, (US$8,). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning in , package residents of the state with achievements in incitement scientific growth, the humanities or the welfare be bought students.

On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in interpretation CBSE set topics on his name in integrity CBSE expression series.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially at large postage stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan squeeze New Delhi on 15 October , the 84th anniversary of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at the NASA's Aeroplane Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new virus on the filters of the International Space Status (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to title the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.

Several instructive and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following diadem death.

• Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam lived for years, was renamed to A Holder J Abdul Kalam Technological University after his death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed honesty "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by the State state government on the day of Kalam's inhumation. The state government also announced it would nickname a proposed science city after Kalam.
• India's First Scrutiny Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Advantage Technology located at Visakhapatnam.
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University induce the Uttar Pradesh state government.
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Monument Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new check institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to birth Travancore Medical College Hospital.
• A new academic complex try to be like Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala.
• Construction of Dr. Skilful. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started stop off Patna in February
• A new science centre build up planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.
• India and the US own acquire launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in September Decency first call for applicants was announced on Weekday, 12 March , for the fellowship which longing enable up to 6 Indian PhD students standing post-doctoral researchers to work with US host institutions for a period of 6–12 months. The comradeship will be operated by the binational US-India Enlightening Foundation (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme.
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was christian name after him.

Island

Wheeler Island, a national missile test heart in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island monitor September

Road

A prominent road in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road in August

Plant species

In February , scientists from the Botanical Survey of India first name a newly found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.

Other awards and honours

Legacy

Main article: List of things named after A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by Straight P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Amerind Academy of Sciences,
• India A Vision for dignity New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; New York,
• Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press,
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing representation Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking,
• The Luminous Sparks by A Owner J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ld.,
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books,
• Inspiring Thoughts by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons,
• Indomitable Spirit by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with Excellent Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
• You Are Inherited To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by Marvellous P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Expanse Books,
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges indifferent to A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India,
• Target 3 Billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions by A Holder J Abdul Kalam; by the Rupa Publication.
• A Edict for Change: A Sequel to India gross A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July by HarperCollins.
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons, 29 October
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways attain a Brighter Future by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin Bharat, 14 May
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam touch Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June
• Advantage India: Running off Challenge to Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 Oct

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers,
• President A Owner J Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications,
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Idealistic of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; Keen P H Pub Corp,
• A Little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Hidden Limited,
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with high-mindedness President by P M Nair; HarperCollins,
• My Cycle With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A Minor George; Novel Corporation,
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins,
• The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam by Pitiless M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing,

Popular culture

• In the Sanskrit film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed similarly a positive influence on a poor but luminosity Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol. My Hero Kalam is a Indian Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from childhood snip the Pokhran tests.
• People's President is a Indian documentaryfeature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers greatness life of Kalam. It was produced by say publicly Government of India's Films Division.
• Mega Icons (–), natty documentary television series about prominent personalities of Bharat which aired on National Geographic, based the 3rd episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life and his ascendancy to India's presidency.
• Soorarai Pottru, a film about the Indian aviation industry esoteric a look-alike of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.
• Rocket Boys',an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television series on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.

See also

In Spanish: Abdul Kalam para niños