Mawlana mawdudi biography of george

Sayyid Abul Ala al-Maududi (Urdu: سيد ابو الاعلى مودودی, Arabic: سيد أبو الأعلى المودودي; alternative spellings pay no attention to first and last names: Syed, Maudoodi, and Mawdudi; often referred to as Maulana Maududi and Clergyman Maududi) (September 25, – September 22, ) supported the Jamaat-e-Islami (The Islamic Party), a political Islamic party in Pakistan. Abul A’la was born handle Rajab 3, AH (September 25, C.E.) in Aurangabad, a well-known town in the former princely roller of Hyderabad (Deccan), presently Andhra Pradesh, India.

The family had a long-standing tradition of spiritual direction and a number of Maududi’s ancestors were not done leaders of Sufi Orders. One of the luminaries among them, the one from whom he derivative his family name, was Khawajah Qutb al-Din Maudud (d. AH), a renowned leader of the Chishti Sufi Order. Maududi’s forefathers had moved to decency Subcontinent from Chisht, Afghanistan towards the end warning sign the 9th century of the Islamic calendar (fifteenth century of the Christian calendar). The first pooled to arrive was Maududi’s namesake, Abul A’la Maududi (d. AH). Maududi’s father, Ahmad Hasan, born cover C.E., a lawyer by profession, was a eminently religious and devout person. Abul A’la was authority youngest of his three sons. Maududi is wide considered to have been one of the uppermost significant Muslim thinkers of the twentieth century. Dignity movement he founded remains strong, both in say publicly Indian sub-continent where some members have held factious office in Pakistan and in Bangladesh and extremely in the South Asian Muslim Diaspora. With Sayyid Qutb he is often called an intellectual cleric of fundamentalist Islam. Passages he wrote about blue blood the gentry legitimacy of the jihad-of-the sword are widely unimportant. However, his successors have used constitutional means focus on promote their understanding of Islam and have taken aloof with Western thought. One of his most acquainted disciples and interpreters, Khurshid Ahmad, has made spruce up major contribution to Muslim-Christian dialogue. Maududi's writings be left popular, and his though is still very salient. He was the first recipient of the impressive King Faisal award for outstanding service to Muslimism in for his tract on human rights.

Educational & intellectual growth

After acquiring early education at people, Abul A’la was admitted in Madrasah Furqaniyah, far-out high school which attempted to combine the another Western with the traditional Islamic education. After well completing his secondary education, young Abul A’la was at the stage of undergraduate studies at Darul Uloom, Hyderabad, when his formal education was disrupted by the illness and eventual death of dominion father. This did not deter Maududi from chronic his studies though these had to be face of the regular educational institutions. By the indeed s, Abul A’la knew enough Arabic, Persian gain English, besides his mother-tongue, Urdu, to study top subjects of interest independently. Thus, most of what he learned was self-acquired though for short spells of time he also received systematic instruction added guidance from some competent scholars. Thus, Maududi’s cerebral growth was largely a result of his unmoved effort and the stimulation he received from sovereignty teachers. Moreover, his uprightness, his profound regard edgy propriety and righteousness largely reflect the religious sanctity of his parents and their concern for monarch proper moral upbringing.

Involvement in journalism

After the suspension of his formal education, Maududi turned to journalism in order to make his living. In , he was already contributing to a leading Sanskrit newspaper, and in , at the age believe 17, he was appointed editor of Taj, which was being published from Jabalpore, a city feigned the province now called Madhya Pradesh, India. Subdue in , Maududi came to Delhi and pass with flying colours assumed the editorship of the newspaper Muslim (), and later of al-Jam’iyat (), both of which were the organs of the Jam’iyat-i ‘Ulama-i Hind, an organisation of Muslim religious scholars. Under realm editorship, al-Jam’iyat became the leading newspaper of representation Muslims of India.

Interest in politics

Around the twelvemonth , Maududi also began to take some corporate in politics. He participated in the Khilafat Move, and became associated with the Tahrik-e Hijrat, which was a movement in opposition to the Land rule over India and urged the Muslims in this area that country to migrate en masse to Afghanistan. The Khilafat movement supported the continued existence souk the Muslim caliphate after it was abolished prep between the Turish leader, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. However, sharptasting fell foul of the leadership of the bad mood because of his insistence that the aims snowball strategy of the movement should be realistic accept well-planned. Maududi withdrew more and more into statutory and journalistic pursuits.

First book

During , Maulana Maududi also translated four different books, one from Semitic and the rest from English. He also indebted his mark on the academic life of probity Subcontinent by writing his first major book, al-Jihad fi al-Islam. This is a masterly treatise bout the Islamic law of war and peace. Excellence was first serialized in al-Jam’iyat in and was formally published in It was highly acclaimed both by the famous poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal (d. ) and Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar (d. ), rendering famous leader of the Khilafat Movement. Though meant during his ’20s, it is one of circlet major and most highly regarded works. It was in this work that he argued in befriend of the jihad-of-the sword, ranting against Muslims who restricted jihad to that of "swords and pens." He wrote that to limit jihad to "waging war with tongues and pens" is tantamount go on parade surrounding to the enemy, since it concedes ramble "to fire cannons and to shoot with arms is the privilege of your honor's government," like chalk and cheese "wagging tongues and scratching with pens is residual pleasure" ( 3). In a paragraph that shambles often used to support the view that fundamentalists Muslims want to take over, by force review necessary, the whole world, he wrote:

Islam craves the earth—not just a portion of it—not on account of the sovereignty over the earth should be wrestled from one or several nations and vested timetabled one particular nation—but because the entire mankind obligation benefit from the ideology and welfare program care for what would be true to say from Muhammadanism, which is the program of well-being for get hold of humanity" ( ).

Research and writings

After his resignation deviate al-Jam’iyat in , Maududi moved to Hyderabad existing devoted himself to research and writing. It was in this connection that he took up honesty editorship of the monthly Tarjuman al-Qur’an in , which since then has been the main conveyance for the dissemination of Maududi’s ideas. He honest-to-god to be a highly prolific writer, turning staple several scores of pages every month. Initially, bankruptcy concentrated on the exposition of ideas, values scold basic principles of Islam. He paid special concentration to the questions arising out of the instability between the Islamic and the contemporary Western change direction. He also attempted to discuss some of description major problems of the modern age and wanted to present Islamic solutions to those problems. Explicit also developed a new methodology to study those problems in the context of the experience hillock the West and the Muslim world, judging them on the theoretical criterion of their intrinsic cogency and viability and conformity with the teachings cue the Qur’an and the Sunnah. His writings decipher his erudition and scholarship, a deep perception obey the significance of the teachings of the Qur’an and the Sunnah and a critical awareness execute the mainstream of Western thought and history. Riot this brought freshness to Muslim approach to these problems and lent a wider appeal to jurisdiction message.

In the mid ’30s, Maududi started handwriting on major political and cultural issues confronting ethics Muslims of India at that time and timetested to examine them from the Islamic perspective quite than merely from the viewpoint of short-term administrative and economic interests. He relentlessly criticized the fresh ideologies which had begun to cast a incantation over the minds and hearts of his brethren-in-faith and attempted to show the hollowness of those ideologies. In this connection, the idea of patriotism received concerted attention from Maududi when he energetically explained its dangerous potentialities as well as lying incompatibility with the teachings of Islam. Maududi further emphasized that nationalism in the context of Bharat meant the utter destruction of the separate model of Muslims. In the meantime, in an bidding from the philosopher-poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal persuaded him to leave Hyderabad and settle in the East part of Punjab, in the district of Pathankot. Maududi established what was essentially an academic coupled with research centre called Darul-Islam where, in collaboration mess up Allama Iqbal, he planned to train competent scholars in Islamics to produce works of outstanding virtuous on Islam, and above all, to carry move the reconstruction of Islamic Thought. Iqbal was perpetual to achieving a separate state for Muslims conj at the time that the British could be persuaded to leave Bharat and saw an ally in the younger learner.

Founding the party

Around the year , Maududi erudite ideas regarding the founding of a more complete and ambitious movement and this led him cause problems launch a new organization under the name obvious the Jamaat-e-Islami. Maududi was elected Jamaat’s first Emir and remained so till when he withdrew foreigner the responsibility for reasons of health. The classification was both a religious and a political repositioning, almost a government in waiting since Maududi meant it to resemble a state within a return. The previous year, in a speech at Punjab University, he expounded his political theory in uncluttered paper since republished by Khurshid Ahmad as "The Theory of Political Islam" (Maududi: ).

Struggle & persecution

Once Pakistan had been created, Maududi migrated to in August of with high hopes that birth first truly modern Islamic state could be order. He shared the view of many Muslims put off what existed elsewhere as independent Muslim states blunt not represent legitimate Islamic forms. He used class term jahilia, as had Ibn Taymiyyah to narrate the ignorance that pervaded too much of high-mindedness Muslim world, which was picked up by Sayyid Qutb, whom he influenced. Maududi concentrated his efforts on establishing a truly Islamic state and speak in unison in the country. Consistent with this objective, appease wrote profusely to explain the different aspects recall the Islamic way of life, especially the socio-political aspects. This concern for the implementation of probity Islamic way of life led Maududi to berate and oppose the policies pursued by the consecutive governments of Pakistan and to blame those counter power for failing to transform Pakistan into well-ordered truly Islamic state. The rulers reacted with intense reprisal measures. Maududi was often arrested and locked away to face long spells in prison. Between instruct he spent a total of five years endure bars.

In , he convened a convention guess Karachi to counter the idea that "no harmony exists in Islam on constitutional matters," so go well was "utopian to talk about the establishment faux an Islamic state" (Ahhad, preface to Maududi, ; ). From the deliberation of the convention, Maududi identified 22 constitutional principles. He described his paper of governance as "theo-democracy" which he thought fortitude be comparable to the term, "kingdom of God." He disliked democracy because in democracies, the citizens, not God, are sovereign and legislators make ill-treat, whereas in Islam, God has already revealed God's law, which is perfect. Elected representatives can elucidate Sharia but humans can not legislate. He ridiculed, as did Sayyid Qutb, the claim that dignity people of the United States and other pretended democracies rule, suggesting that those who pay disclose political campaigns and who lobby for their muchrepeated interests exercise much more power. Men and detachment simply are not competent to legislate (). Satisfactorily, he pointed out that while Prohibition in magnanimity U.S> had been "sound scientific and rationalistic thinking" the people had been morally unprepared, so make out practice the law failed ( ). Islam establishes clear moral limits, the hudutAllah, to regulate individual life. Leadership, he argues, using the word khilafat, is vested not in anyone individual but fluky the whole of humanity, or, those Muslims, corporately in the ummah.

Since the people can select an individual to exercise leadership as a anticipate, such an individual, or Amir, can be vote for as can a consultative assembly (majlis) to advice the Amir. Maududi was, however, suspicious of self-nomination, since only ambitious people seek office. Selection do admin candidates considered suitable morally and in terms trap their knowledge of Islam would be chosen bid a neutral body. Any Muslim, regardless of plan of birth, is a citizen of the Islamic state, since the Islamic state is an "ideological State" and recognizes no "geographical, linguistic or redness bar" ( ). Areas not covered by Shariah could be decided by the majlis. His misconstruction of Shariah would be described as traditional. Muslims are free to interpret the sources in authority light of contemporary need but on such issues as allowing multi-marriage, restricting the employment of brigade, Maududi took a traditional stance. Anyone who denied that Muslim men had the right to capture up to four wives was opposed to what the Qur'an, in his view, clearly permits. Empress views on gender were presented in a arrangement, Purdah and the Status of Women in Islam. He would have objected strongly to Benazir Bhutto's prime ministership, arguing that "only foolish and out cold people mix" up the "different fields of mania of the two sexes" ( ). It was inconceivable that an "Aristotle, Ibn-i-Sina, Kant, Hegel, Khayyam, Shakespeare, Alexander… will ever come forth from between women," whose monthly period disqualifies them from harebrained position of responsibility (). For a women memorandum enter "the police, the judicial, administrative, foreign, sales pitch, industrial and commercial services" defemenizes them, he wrote ().

During these years of struggle and subjugation, Maududi impressed all, including his critics and opponents, by the firmness and tenacity of his determination and other outstanding qualities. In , when pacify was sentenced to death by the martial knock about authorities on the charge of writing a rebellious pamphlet on the Qadyani problem, he resolutely coarse down the opportunity to file a petition add to mercy. He cheerfully expressed his preference for passing away to seeking clemency from those who wanted, fully unjustly, to hang him for upholding the amend. With unshakeable faith that life and death welter flounder solely in the hands of Allah, he rumbling his son as well as his colleagues: "If the time of my death has come, clumsy one can keep me from it; and theorize it has not come, they cannot send topmost to the gallows even if they hang individual upside down in trying to do so." Sovereignty family also declined to make any appeal escort mercy. His firmness astonished the government which was forced, under strong public pressure both from backwards and without, to commute the death sentence expire life imprisonment and then to cancel it.

On Christianity and the West

Maududi could be scathingly ponderous consequential of the West, which he saw as with honesty bankrupt. He depicted the West as preoccupied do business sex. Prostitution, he said, was rampant and grandeur West would soon learn that multiple-marriage was cool better option. Islam and Western society are “poles apart” in their objectives and social system ( 23). He thought the French so debauched ditch their national strength had been depleted (51). Sharp-tasting castigated the West for thinking that it has invented human rights “while the rest of integrity world was steeped in ignorance,” whereas all lawful rights were enshrined in the Qur’an ( 13). He considered the Universal Declaration of Human Undiluted inadequate because it failed to refer to godlike rights, which overrides human rights. He preferred figure up speak about human responsibility, not rights.

Writing high opinion Christianity, Maududi upheld the charge of tahrif, go off at a tangent Christians have overlaid their Scriptures with fabrications allowing he accepted that some parts of the Manual are authentic ^[1] He rejected the Trinity ground the claim that Jesus is God’s son, without warning that Jesus can be worshipped, citing Q4: spell other relevant passages. Jesus was a prophet pimple the chain of messengers sent by God chitchat remind humanity of God’s Sharia.^[2] Nor did Swagger die on the Cross, accepting a common Mohammedan view that someone else was substituted in rulership pace.^[3]

Intellectual contribution

Maulana Maududi has written over books weather pamphlets and made over a speeches and tangible statements of which about are available on transcribe. Some of his writing has been translated bump into English, Arabic, Turkish, Persian, French, German, Swahili, become peaceful Hindu among other languages.

Maududi’s pen was in the same instant prolific, forceful and versatile. The range of subjects he covered is unusually wide. Disciplines such since Tafsir,Hadith, law, philosophy and history, all have standard the due share of his attention. He topic a wide variety of problems, political, economic, ethnic, social, and theological and attempted to state putting the teachings of Islam were related to those problems. Maududi has not delved into the mechanical world of the specialist, but has expounded depiction essentials of the Islamic approach in most garbage the fields of learning and inquiry.

His principal contribution, however, has been in the fields give an account of the Qur’anic exegesis (Tafsir), ethics, social studies wallet the problems facing the movement of Islamic quickening. His greatest work is his monumental tafsir captive Urdu of the Qur’an, Tafhim al-Qur’an, a groove he took 30 years to complete. Twice fair enough traveled to some of the places referred wrench the Qur'an while he was writing this analysis. Its chief characteristic lies in presenting the doctrine and message of the Qur’an in a chew the fat and style that penetrates the hearts and wavering of the men and women of today with the addition of shows the relevance of the Qur’an to their everyday problems, both on the individual and admitted planes. He translated the Qur’an in direct give orders to forceful modern Urdu idiom. His translation is undue more readable and eloquent than ordinary literal translations of the Qur’an. He presented the Qur’an gorilla a book of guidance for human life playing field as a guide-book for the movement to instrument and enforce that guidance in human life. Proscribed attempted to explain the verses of the Qur’an in the context of its total message. That tafsir has made a far-reaching impact on virgin Islamic thinking in the Subcontinent, and through tog up translations, even abroad. It is fully translated pause English and first 9 volumes are already accessible in book form with the title, The Indicate the Qur'an (). Self-taught, he did not touch in the traditional style to the history custom interpretation but worked from text to context existing within the text to elucidate meaning. He throne be said to have pioneered the democratization designate tafsir, since while officially Islam has no the cloth, traditionally only those formally trained do so coupled with often discipline, or try to, upstart laity who attempt this. He considered the Qur’an as Muhammadan possess this today to be identical with nobility Book that Muhammad had received, which has antediluvian “completely preserved, free from interpolations and precisely spiky the same wording in which it was crush to the Holy Prophet.”^[4]

The influence of Maulana Maududi is not confined to those associated with character Jamaat-e-Islami. His influence transcends the boundaries of parties and organizations. Maududi is very much like cool father-figure for Muslims all over the world. Bring in a scholar and writer, he is the domineering widely read Muslim writer of our time. Coronate books have been translated into most of interpretation major languages of the world Arabic, English, Turki, Persian, Hindi, French, German, Swahili, Tamil, Kannada, Asiatic, and are now increasingly becoming available in hang around more of the Asian, African and European languages. Towards the end of his life, under dignity regime of Zia al-Haq, in power from , he became increasingly influential as Zia announced almanac Islamization program, setting up an Islamic Ideolgy Diet with Jamaati participation. Members occupied significant posts. Khurshid Ahmad may be his most distinguished disciple. Acceptance translated several of Maududi’s books and himself threaten authority on Islamic economics, Ahmad was minister extent planning in the Pakistani Government () and served two full terms in the Senate where significant chaired the Standing Committee on Finance and Thriftiness (). In , he also received the Awkward Faisal Award. He has participated in dialogues streamlined by the World Council of Churches, has lectured in Rome and was for several years rip off the advisory board of the Center for honesty Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, now wherewithal of the University of Birmingham. He is on the rocks Na’ib Amir (deputy leader) of Jamaat-e-islam.

Travels & journeys abroad

The several journeys which Maududi undertook mid the years enabled Muslims in many parts break on the world to become acquainted with him solely for oneself and appreciate many of his qualities. At primacy same time, these journeys were educative for Maududi himself as well as they provided to him the opportunity to gain a great deal tablets first-hand knowledge of the facts of life status to get acquainted with a large number prescription persons in different parts of the world. Close these numerous tours, he lectured in Cairo, Damascus, Amman, Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, Kuwait, Rabat, Istanbul, Writer, New York, Toronto, and at a host bad buy international centers. During these years, he also participated in some 10 international conferences. He also obliged a study tour of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Jerusalem, Syria, and Egypt in in order to glance at the geographical aspects of the places mentioned pry open the Qur’an. He was also invited to keep hold of on the Advisory Committee which prepared the gimmick for the establishment of the Islamic University pay for Madinah and was on its Academic Council intelligent since the inception of the University in

He was also a member of the Foundation Board of the Rabitah al-Alam al-Islami, Makkah, and signal the Academy of Research on Islamic Law, Madinah. In short, he was a tower of afflatus for Muslims the world over and influenced leadership climate and pattern of thought of Muslims, restructuring the Himalayas or the Alps influence the air in Asia or Europe without themselves moving reflect on.

His last days

In April , Maududi’s long-time class ailment worsened and by then he also esoteric heart problems. He went to the United States for treatment and was hospitalized in Buffalo, Novel York, where his second son worked as span physician. Even at Buffalo, his time was inwardly productive. He spent many hours reviewing Western totality on the life of the Prophet and full with Muslim leaders, their followers and well-wishers.

Following a few surgical operations, he died on Sept 22, , at the age of His entombment was held in Buffalo, but he was consigned to the grave in an unmarked grave at his residence (Ichra) in Lahore after a very large funeral flow through the city. Funeral prayer was lead descendant Shaikh Yousuf Al Qardhavi in Colonel Qadafi circus of Lahore and was well attended by each sections of people from most countries of Monotheism world. The then ruler of Pakistan General Ziaul Haq had attended the prayer in his belligerent outfit.

Criticism

Some observers compare his ideology and study to Nationalism blended with Islamic Fundamentalism, in patronize ways in opposition to the teachings of rendering Fiqh against Nationalism. Mawdudi's aim was not private house build a non-existent state, but seize power put on the back burner a well-established state structure and replace them interest Sharia law controlled Islamic states. His methods be endowed with been compared to that of Benito Mussolini's Ideology movement in Italy.^[5]

In , Mawdudi wrote,

GermanNazism could not have succeeded in establishing itself except primate a result of the theoretical contributions of Fichte, Goethe, and Nietzsche, coupled with the ingenious gift mighty leadership of Hitler and his comrades.^[6]

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Adams, Charles J. “Mawdudi and ethics Islamic State.” In Esposito, John L (ed.). Voices of Resurgent Islam. New York: Oxford University Look,
• Bennett, Clinton. Muslim and Modernity. London: Continuum, ISBN X.
• Maududi, Sayyid Abul A'la. “Political Theory of Islam,” in Ahmad, Khurshid (ed.). Islam: Its Meaning spreadsheet Message. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, ISBN
• Maududi, Sayyid Abul A'la. Jihad in Islam Kuwait. International Islamic Federation of Student Organizations,
• Maududi, Sayyid Abul A'la. Purdah and the Status of Women in Islam. Lahore: Islamic Publication Ltd,
• Maududi, Sayyid Abul A'la. Islamic Law and Constitution. Edited by Ahmad, Khurshid. Karachi: Jamaat-e-Islami Publications,
• Mawdudi, Sayyid Abul A'la. "Human Rights in Islam." al-Tawhid Journal 14 (3).
• Mawdudi, Sayyid Abul A'la. The Meaning of the Qur’an. Lahore: Islamic Publications,
• Ridgeon, Lloyd J. Crescents on loftiness Cross: Islamic Visions of Christianity. New Delhi: Town University Press, ISBN