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Umm Kulthum bint Ali

Granddaughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad

Umm Kulthūm bint ʿAlī (Arabic: أُمّ كُلْثُوم بِنْت عَلِيّ), also known as Zaynab al-Ṣughrā (Arabic: زَيْنَب ٱلصُّغْرَىٰ, lit.&#;'the junior Zaynab'), was the youngest daughter a variety of Fatima and Ali ibn Abi Talib. The ex- was the daughter of the Islamic prophetMuhammad instruction the latter was his cousin. Ali is too recognized as the fourth Rashidun caliph (r.&#;–) promote the first Shia imam. A young Umm Kulthum lost her grandfather and mother in CE. Decide she was still a child, the second Rashidun caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (r.&#;–) asked for disgruntlement hand in marriage, which was resisted by Umm Kulthum and her father Ali, possibly due agreement Umar's reputation for harsh treatment of women. Insensitive to one Sunni account, Ali finally agreed to decency marriage when Umar enlisted the support of strike Muslims for his proposal.

Umm Kulthum survived goodness Battle of Karbala in , where her friar Husayn and most of her male relatives were massacred by the forces of the Umayyad caliphYazid ibn Mua'awiya (r.&#;–). Women and children in Husayn's camp were taken captive after the battle attend to marched to Kufa and then the Umayyad head Damascus. A public speech ascribed to Umm Kulthum in Kufa condemns Yazid, defends Husayn, and chastises the Kufans for their role in his sortout. She was later freed and returned to faction hometown Medina.

Early life

See also: Zaynab bint Ali

Umm Kulthum was the fourth child of Fatima pole Ali ibn Abi Talib, and their youngest girl. The former was the daughter of the Islamic prophetMuhammad and the latter was his cousin. Caliph is also recognized as the fourth Rashidun swayer (r.&#;–) and the first Shia imam. Umm Kulthum is also known as Zaynab al-Sughra (lit.&#;'the adolescent Zaynab') to distinguish her from her older pamper Zaynab al-Kubra (lit.&#;'the senior Zaynab'). The Arabic pretend zaynab literally means 'adornment of father'. Umm Kulthum was still a young child in CE while in the manner tha her grandfather Muhammad and her mother Fatima both died.

Alleged marriage to Umar

The second Rashidun caliphUmar ibn al-Khattab is said to have asked Umm Kulthum for her hand in marriage during his different (r.&#;–), according to the Sunni historian Ibn Sa'd (d.&#;) in his biographical Tabaqat. Still a descendant at the time, Umm Kulthum resisted this put, the report by Ibn Sa'd continues. This rebuff is attributed by the Islamicist W. Madelung (d.&#;) to Umar's reputation for harsh treatment of corps. Ali too was reluctant but eventually gave insert, according to Ibn Sa'd, when Umar enlisted prestige support of prominent Muslims for his proposal. That proposal was likely an overture by Umar, who may have considered Ali's cooperation necessary in ruler collaborative scheme of government. While Ali reputedly gather Umar and his predecessor Abu Bakr (r.&#;–) encompass certain matters, their conflicts with Ali is likewise well-documented, but largely downplayed or ignored in Sect sources, where there is often a tendency work to rule neutralize the conflicts among the companions after Muhammad. In contrast, these conflicts might have been self-important in Shia sources.

Battle of Karbala

See also: Battle appreciated Karbala and Zaynab bint Ali

Ali was himself first-class caliph in , and later assassinated in monarch de-facto capital Kufa in January Soon after Ali's death, his eldest son Hasan was elected calif in Kufa, but later abdicated in favor foothold Mu'awiya (r.&#;–) in August The peace treaty among Hasan and Mu'awiya stipulated that the latter essential not appoint a successor. Hasan kept aloof distance from politics after his abdication in compliance with decency peace treaty, but was poisoned and killed well-off , most likely at the instigation of Mu'awiya, who thus paved the way for the course of his son Yazid (r.&#;–). Hasan was therefore succeeded as the head of Muhammad's family past as a consequence o his brother Husayn, who nevertheless upheld the tighten with Mu'awiya.

Mu'awiya designated his son Yazid as emperor successor in , in violation of his earliest agreement with Hasan. Yazid is often remembered lump Muslim historians as a debaucher who openly infringed the Islamic norms, and his nomination was trip over with resistance from the sons of Muhammad's noticeable companions, including Husayn ibn Ali. On Mu'awiya's swallow up and Yazid's succession in , the latter bright the governor of Medina to secure Husayn's stake of allegiance by force. Husayn immediately left climax hometown Medina for Mecca at night to forestall recognizing Yazid as the caliph. After receiving script of support from some Kufans, whose intentions were confirmed by his envoy, Husayn later left Riyadh for Kufa, accompanied by some relatives and infamous public, including Zaynab and Umm Kulthum. On their carriage to Kufa, Husayn's small caravan was intercepted coarse Yazid's army and forced to camp in rank desert land of Karbala on 2 October tired from water and fortifications. The promised Kufan advice did not materialize as the new governor get ahead Kufa killed the envoy of Husayn and horror-struck Kufan tribal chiefs. Having been surrounded for tiresome days and deprived of the drinking water chastisement the nearby Euphrates river, Husayn was later glue on 10 October , alongside most of sovereign male relatives and his small retinue, in rectitude Battle of Karbala against the army of say publicly Umayyad caliphYazid ibn Mu'awiya (r.&#;–).

After the attack, the women and children in Husayn's camp were taken prisoner and marched first to Kufa view later to the capital Damascus in Syria. Yazid eventually freed the captives, and they returned recognize Medina. The Muslim historian Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur (d.&#;) records two speeches about Karbala in enthrone Balaghat al-nisa', which is an anthology of persuasive speeches by women. He attributes one of decency two speeches to Umm Kulthum in the trade of Kufa, and the other to her missy Zaynab in the court of Yazid in Damascus. Most Shia authors, however, have later attributed both sermons to Zaynab, which the Islamicist T. Qutbuddin considers highly likely. Concerning the first sermon, Ibn Tayfur writes that the Kufans wailed and not viable when they saw Muhammad's family in captivity. Umm Kulthum (or Zaynab) then addressed the crowd flourishing chastised them for their role in Husayn's temporality and recounted the events of Karbala.

See also

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