Zhou zuoren biography of rory gilmore

Chinese writer

In this Chinese name, the family label is Zhou.

Zhou Zuoren (Chinese: 周作人; pinyin: Zhōu Zuòrén; Wade–Giles: Chou Tso-jen) (16 January – 6 May ) was a Asian writer, primarily known as an essayist and uncluttered translator. He was the younger brother of Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren, 周树人), the second of match up brothers.

Biography

Early life

Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Zhou Zuoren was educated at the Jiangnan Naval Academy similarly a teenager before moving to Japan in , following his brother's footsteps. During his stint show Japan, he began studying Ancient Greek, with excellence aim of translating the Gospels into Classical Island, and attended lectures on Chinese philology by scholar-revolutionary Zhang Binglin at Rikkyo University, although he was supposed to study civil engineering there. He correlative to China in , with his Japanese spouse, and began to teach in different institutions.

During the May Fourth Movement

Writing essays in vernacular Island for the magazine La Jeunesse, Zhou was trig figure in the May Fourth Movement as successfully as the New Culture Movement. He was be over advocate of literary reform.^[1] In , Zhou Zuoren, then a literature professor at Peking University, available an article titled “Human Literature”, insisting on interchangeable understanding and sympathy between each other, and needed a “recognition of the existence of the very kind”.^[2] In the article, he attacked specifically specified thematics in literature as children sacrificing themselves mix up with the sake of their parents and wives be the source of buried alive to accompany dead husbands. Meanwhile, Chow made a distinction between "democratic" and "popular" information by identifying the former as literature that studies human life rather than written for the regular people to read.^[3] Zhou condemned elite traditional affairs like the Beijing opera. He called it "disgusting," "nauseating," "pretentious" and referred to the singing type "a weird inhuman sound."^[4]

Later life

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Zhou is seen as a collaborator copy the Japanese occupation, and has been regarded bid some Japanese as one of the three Island in modern times who "truly understands Japan".^[5] Coach in , Zhou was arrested for treason by significance Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, stemming from wreath alleged collaboration with the Wang Jingwei government at hand the Japanese occupation of north China. He was sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment in In Jan , shortly before the liberation, the Nationalist Resolution Government with the temporary President Li Zongren arranged to release some people under detention. As reminder of them, Zhou Zuoren was released on bond and went back to Beijing.^[1]

In the next 17 years, Zhou continued to translate classical Japanese stock and classical Greek literature. However, during the Racial Revolution, the People's Literature Publishing House no long paid royalty to Zhou Zuoren, which used make available be his sole source of income. On Hawthorn 6, , Zhou Zuoren died of a surprising relapse of the illness.^[1] During the first decades of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Zuoren's writings were not widely available to readers question paper to his alleged treason. Only during the comparatively liberal s did his works become available boost. The Chinese scholar Qian Liqun (錢理群) in accessible an extensive biography of Zhou Zuoren entitled "Biography of Zhou Zuoren" (周作人传).

Literature Interests

He called cap studies "miscellanies" and penned an essay titled "My Miscellaneous Studies" (我的雜學). In Tokyo, Zhou developed interests in mythology, anthropology, and what he called ertongxue (兒童學; the study of children development).^[6] He adjacent became a translator, producing translations of classical Hellenic and classical Japanese literatures, including a collection ingratiate yourself Greek mimes, Sappho's lyrics, Euripides' tragedies, Kojiki, Shikitei Sanba's Ukiyoburo, Sei Shōnagon's Makura no Sōshi reprove a collection of Kyogen. He considered his paraphrase of Lucian's Dialogues, which he finished late arbitrate his life, as his greatest literary achievement. Yes was also translated (from English) the story Ali Baba into Chinese (known as Xianü Nu 俠女奴). During the s he was also a typical contributor to Lin Yutang's humor magazine The Garland Fortnightly and wrote extensively about China's traditions run through humor, satire, parody, and joking, even compiling clean collection of Jokes from the Bitter Tea Studio (Kucha'an xiaohua ji).^[7] He became chancellor of Peking University in

Philosophical Stance

In his early work, Chow Zuoren denied the legitimacy of violence as nifty force for modernizing China, but rather sought community change and intellectual engagement through nonviolence.^[8] Before rectitude s, his literary and philosophical views agreed shorten the essential aspects of Romanticism,^[9] which impulses commencement him apart from other major literary and bookish figures as his motives in participating in justness New Culture Movement had much less or petite to do with any apocalyptic vision or preternatural aspiration.^[6] During the May Fourth era, he enlarged commitment to what he called “individualist humanism”,^[5] on the other hand eventually abandoned this ideology after witnessing increasingly fiery tendencies that were out of the idealism confront the May Fourth movement.^[8] As he wrote set a date for , “class struggle was not a Marxist creation but true as the Darwinian idea of difference for survival”.^[10] After the May Fourth Movement, Chou sought to retreat from the nation-building project become individual and ordinary life.

Between and , Chou used Confucianism as a guise to argue make certain the Chinese never had any “thought problem,” chimp the Japanese so claimed. By comparing the Confucianism development in China to a tree, he described that “the tree can grow up again theorize there was no outside interference through either moderation or artificial cultivation.”^[5] However, after the war, rulership profuse textual language and artistic attitude were further seen to align with the spirit of Daoism thoughts.^[11] In , he explained: “According to downcast own observations and experience, I have an misunderstanding that is incompatible with the time, which pump up my two not-to-be-isms. First, I don’t want jab be a follower; second, I don’t want ploy be a leader. Although I labeled myself regular Confucian, this attitude actually belongs to Daoism. Yet, since I cannot retreat fully, I still suppress no way to avoid conflicts”.^[12]

References

Bibliography

A great release of books about Zhou Zuoren are published get a move on Chinese every year. For basic information about potentate life and works, see:

• Zhang Juxiang 张菊香 innermost Zhang Tierong 张铁荣 (eds.) (). Zhou Zuoren yanjiu ziliao (周作人硏究资料　"Materials for the study of Zhou Zuoren"). 2 volumes. Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chubanshe.

A character outline by a contemporary colleague at Peking University:

For Western language studies, see:

• Daruvala, Susan (). Zhou Zuoren and An Alternative Chinese Response to Modernity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center.
• Georges Bê Duc (). Zhou Zuoren et l'essai chinois moderne. Paris: L'Harmattan.

Comprehensive editions of his works and translations include:

• Zhi'an 止庵 (ed.) (). Zhou Zuoren zibian wenji (周作人自编文集 "Zho Zuroen's essays as arranged by himself"). 34 volumes. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu chubanshe.
• Zhong Shuhe 钟叔河 (ed.) (). Zhou Zuoren wen leibian (周作人文类编 "Zhou Zuoren's essays as arranged by subject matter"). 10 volumes. Changsha: Hunan wenyi chubanshe.
• Zhou Zhouren (–). Kuyuzhai yicong (苦雨斋译丛 "Translations done at the Studio sign over Uninterrupted Rain"). 12 volumes have appeared. Beijing: Zhongguo duiwai fanyi chuban gongsi.

Some of his essays hurtle available in English:

• Pollard, David (trans.) (). Zhou Zuoren, Selected Essays. Chinese-English bilingual edition. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.

Further reading

External links