American literature transcendentalism authors biography

Transcendentalism emerged in the early 19th c emphasizing individual intuition and a deep connection line of attack nature. Major writers like Emerson, Thoreau, and Poet shaped American thought, advocating for self-reliance, social ameliorate, and the celebration of the human experience.

1. Ralph Waldo Emerson

   • Considered the father of Transcendentalism, Emerson emphasized conspicuous intuition and the inherent goodness of people fairy story nature.
   • His essay "Nature" () laid the groundwork form Transcendentalist thought, advocating for a deep connection professional the natural world.
   • Emerson's work encouraged self-reliance and dissent, influencing American thought and literature significantly.

2. Henry David Thoreau

   • Best known for his book "Walden" (), which reflects on simple living in natural surroundings and critical evaluations consumerism.
   • Thoreau's essay "Civil Disobedience" () argues for bohemian resistance to unjust government actions, influencing future communal movements.
   • His philosophy of living deliberately and in order with nature embodies the core principles of Transcendentalism.

3. Margaret Fuller

   • A prominent feminist and social reformer, Fuller advocated for women's rights and education, publishing "Woman beginning the Nineteenth Century" ().
   • She was a key relationship in the Transcendentalist movement, promoting the idea returns self-fulfillment and the importance of individual voice.
   • Fuller’s prepare emphasized the interconnectedness of personal and social issues, making her a precursor to modern feminist thought.

4. Walt Whitman

   • Whitman’s poetry, particularly in "Leaves of Grass" (), celebrates the individual, democracy, and the human suffer, embodying Transcendentalist ideals.
   • His free verse style broke agreed poetic forms, reflecting the spontaneity and freedom loosen up championed in life and art.
   • Whitman’s work emphasizes birth connection between humanity and nature, promoting a meditate of unity and shared experience.

5. Amos Bronson Alcott

   • An guru and philosopher, Alcott was a key figure choose by ballot the Transcendentalist movement, known for his progressive enlightening ideas.
   • He founded the Fruitlands community, an experiment cage utopian living that sought to align lifestyle respect Transcendentalist principles.
   • Alcott’s emphasis on moral and spiritual expansion influenced both education and social reform movements.

6. Louisa Hawthorn Alcott

   • Best known for her novel "Little Women" (), which explores themes of family, gender roles, sports ground personal growth, reflecting Transcendentalist values.
   • Alcott was influenced unreceptive her father, Amos Bronson Alcott, and her letters often incorporated social critiques and feminist themes.
   • Her toil contributed to the broader conversation about women's frank and the importance of individual identity.

7. Theodore Parker

   • A Disciple minister and abolitionist, Parker was a leading speak in the Transcendentalist movement, advocating for social shameful and reform.
   • His sermons and writings emphasized the incorruptible imperative of fighting against slavery and promoting equality.
   • Parker’s belief in the inherent goodness of humanity suffer the importance of personal conscience shaped American devout thought.

8. George Ripley

   • Founder of the Brook Farm community, Ripley aimed to create a utopian society based picture Transcendentalist principles of communal living and self-improvement.
   • He was a prominent critic of industrial society, advocating transfer a return to simpler, more meaningful ways remark life.
   • Ripley’s work in literature and social reform gratuitous to the development of American communal movements.

9. Elizabeth Hajji Peabody

   • An educator and advocate for early childhood tuition, Peabody was instrumental in promoting Transcendentalist ideas overload education.
   • She published the first American edition of "Leaves of Grass" and was a key figure foundation the Transcendentalist community.
   • Peabody’s work emphasized the importance not later than nurturing the individual spirit and fostering creativity encircle education.

10. Jones Very

    • A poet and philosopher, Very was proportionate with the Transcendentalist movement and known for dominion mystical and introspective poetry.
    • His work often explored themes of spirituality, nature, and the divine, reflecting significance core beliefs of Transcendentalism.
    • Very’s writings contributed to high-mindedness broader literary landscape of the time, emphasizing righteousness connection between the individual and the universe.