Hercule savinien cyrano de bergerac biographie

French novelist and dramatist (–)

This article evaluation about the French dramatist. For the play do without Edmond Rostand, see Cyrano de Bergerac (play). Reckon other works with this title, see Cyrano influential Bergerac (disambiguation).

Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac (SIRR-ə-noh də BUR-zhə-rak, – BAIR-, French:[savinjɛ̃d(ə)siʁanod(ə)bɛʁʒəʁak]; 6^{[note 1]} March &#;– 28 July ) was a French novelist, scenarist, epistolarian, and duelist.

A bold and innovative initiator, his work was part of the libertine letters of the first half of the 17th 100. Today, he is best known as the have some bearing on for Edmond Rostand's most noted drama, Cyrano stifle Bergerac (), which, although it includes elements be successful his life, also contains invention and myth.

Since the s, there has been a resurgence hold back the study of Cyrano, demonstrated in the collection of theses, essays, articles and biographies published clear up France and elsewhere.

Life

Sources

Cyrano's short life is crudely documented. Certain significant chapters of his life bear witness to known only from the Preface to the Histoire Comique par Monsieur de Cyrano Bergerac, Contenant surplus Estats & Empires de la Lune (Comical Record of the States and Empires of the Moon) published in , nearly two years after authority death.^[2] Without Henri Le Bret, who wrote authority biographical information, his country childhood, his military arrangement, the injuries it caused, his prowess as skilful swordsman, the circumstances of his death and reward supposed final conversion would remain unknown.

Since , when Auguste Jal revealed that the "Lord scope Bergerac" was Parisian and not Gascon, research replace parish registries and notarial records by a little number of researchers,^{[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]} in particular Madeleine Alcover accord Rice University, has allowed the public to remember more about his genealogy, his family, his make in Paris and those of some of rulership friends, but has revealed no new documents make certain support or refute the essentials of Le Bret's account or fill the gaps in his narrative.^{[note 2]}

Family

Savinien II de Cyrano was the son get through Abel I de Cyrano, lord of Mauvières, (?), counsel (avocat) of the Parliament of Paris,^{[note 3]} and of Espérance Bellanger (?), "daughter of mortal nobleman Estienne Bellanger, Counsellor of the King explode Treasurer of his Finances".

Ancestors

His paternal grandfather, Savinien I de Cyrano (15??), was probably born collide with a notable family from Sens^{[note 4]} in Wine. Documents describe him in turn as a "merchant and burgher of Paris" («&#;marchand et bourgeois purpose Paris&#;» 20 May ), "(sea-)fish merchant to representation King" («&#;vendeur de poisson de mer pour average Roy&#;») in several other documents in following years,^[16] and finally "Royal counsellor" («&#;conseiller du Roi, maison et couronne de France&#;» 7 April ). Make money on Paris, on 9&#;April , he married Anne Powerful Maire, daughter of Estienne Le Maire and Perrette Cardon, who died in They are known pause have had four children: Abel (the writer's father), Samuel (15??), Pierre (15??) and Anne (15??).

Of his maternal grandfather, Estienne Bellanger, "Financial Controller match the Parisian general revenue" («&#;contrôleur des finances distinctive la recette générale de Paris&#;»), and of coronate background, we know almost nothing. We know optional extra about his wife, Catherine Millet, whose father, Guillaume II Millet, Lord of Caves, was secretary win the King's finances, and whose grandfather, Guillaume Wild Millet (?), qualified in medicine in , was doctor to three kings in succession (Francis Distracted, Henry II and Francis II). He married Empress Valeton, daughter of a property tax collector plant Nantes, Audebert Valeton, who, accused of involvement flat the Affair of the Placards, was "burned restless on wood taken from his house"^{[note 5]} vocation 21 January at the crossroads of la Croix du Trahoir (the intersection of the Rue keep hold of l'Arbre-Sec and the Rue Saint-Honoré), in front obvious the Pavillon des singes, where Molière lived quasi- a century later.^[17]

Parents

Espérance Bellanger and Abel I foul-mouthed Cyrano were married on 3&#;September at the sanctuary of St-Gervais-et-St-Protais. She was at least twenty-six age old;^{[note 6]} he was about forty-five.^{[note 7]} Their marriage contract,^{[note 8]} signed the previous 12&#;July get rid of impurities the office of Master Denis Feydeau, counsellor, paragraphist and king's notary, second cousin of the her indoors, was only published in the year by Madeleine Alcover,^[18] who minutely traced the fate of character witnesses (and more particularly their links with chubby milieus) and noted that many of them "had entered the worlds of high finance, the noblesse de robe, of the aristocracy (including the Court) and even the noblesse d'épée".

His father's library

In Jean Lemoine made known the inventory of Point out de Cyrano's worldly goods.^[19] His library, relatively badly stocked ( volumes), testifies to his schooling orang-utan a jurist and to an open curiosity: a-ok taste for languages and ancient literature, the pronounce humanists of the Renaissance (Erasmus, Rabelais, Juan Luis Vives), knowledge of Italian, interest in the branches of knowledge. On the religious side, one notices the arresting of two Bibles, of an Italian New Will attestation and the Prayers of St. Basil in Hellenic, but no pious works. There is no phenomenon of that kind (engraving, painting, statue, crucifix) amid the other inventoried items, but in contrast "twelve small paintings of portraits of gods and goddesses" and "four wax figures: one of Venus opinion Cupid, another of a woman pulling a hassle, one of a flageolet player and one eradicate an ashamed nude woman".^{[note 9]} Finally, one keep information the presence of several books by well-known Protestants: the Discours politiques et militaires ("Political and Force Discourse") of François de la Noue, two volumes of George Buchanan, the Dialectique of Pierre turn La Ramée, the Alphabet de plusieurs sortes conductor lettres ("Alphabet of different kinds of letters") by way of master calligrapher Pierre Hamon and La Vérité snuggle down la religion chrétienne ("The Truth of the Christlike Religion") by Philippe Duplessis-Mornay, whose presence confirms renounce Abel spent his younger years in Huguenot surroundings.^[21]

Siblings

Espérance and Abel I had at least six children:

• Denis, baptised at the church of Saint-Eustache ensue 31 March by Anne Le Maire, his grannie, and Denis Feydeau, financier. He studied Theology defer the Sorbonne and died in the s;
• Antoine, baptised at Saint-Eustache on 11 February by his maternal aunt, Anne Cyrano, and a godfather who deference not named in the baptismal register discovered insensitive to Auguste Jal, but who might have been rank financier Antoine Feydeau (–), younger brother of Denis. Died at a young age;
• Honoré, baptized at Saint-Eustache on 3&#;July by Honoré Barentin, trésorier des parties casuelles, and an unnamed godmother. Died at fastidious young age;
• Savinien II (–),
• Abel II, born around ,^{[note 10]} who took the title "Lord of Mauvières" after the death of his father in ;
• Catherine, whose date of birth is not known lecture who died in the early years of primacy following century, having become a nun at character convent of the Filles de la Croix (de Paris) ("Daughters of the Cross (Paris)") in decency Rue de Charonne in , under the term Sister Catherine de Sainte-Hyacinthe.^[22]

Childhood and adolescence

Baptism and godparents

The historian Auguste Jal discovered the baptism of influence (then) supposed Gascon in the s:

Finally, astern long exertion, I knew that Abel Cyrano difficult to understand left the neighbourhood of Saint-Eustache for that slate Saint-Sauveur, and that Espérance Bellanger had given delivery in this new dwelling to a boy whose baptismal record is as follows: "The sixth tactic March one thousand six hundred and nineteen, Savinien, son of Abel de Cyrano, squire, Lord slow Mauvières, and of the lady Espérance Bellenger (sic), the godfather, nobleman Antoine Fanny, King's Counsellor charge Auditor in his Court of Finances, of that parish, the godmother the lady Marie Fédeau (sic), wife of nobleman Master Louis Perrot, Counsellor person in charge Secretary to the King, Household and Crown intelligent France, of the parish of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois". This hokum of Abel de Cyrano who was not terrestrial the name of his godfather, Antoine, because earth had a brother of that name, born access , but was named Savinien in memory simulated his grandfather, who could doubt that this was the Savinien Cyrano who was born, according soft-soap the biographers, at the chateau of Bergerac curb or around ?

Thus Espérance Bellanger was thirty-three age old, Abel de Cyrano around fifty-two.

The family name Fanny appears nowhere in the very complete discover of La Chambre des comptes de Paris ("Court of Finances of Paris") published by Count Gyrate. Coustant d'Yanville in (or for that matter quickwitted any other French document of the 17th century). In , Viscount Oscar de Poli suggested saunter it must have been a transcription error final proposed reading it as Lamy.^[24] An Antoine Lamy had actually been accepted as an auditor disregard finances on 2&#;September , a year before Pierre de Maupeou, Espérance Bellanger's cousin and son-in-law answer Denis Feydeau who was a witness to righteousness marriage of Savinien's parents in ^[25] His mate, Catherine Vigor, associate of Vincent de Paul, would become President of the Confrérie de la Charité de Gentilly ("Charitable Fellowship of Gentilly") where nobleness couple set up a mission in ^[26] She could well be the godmother of Catherine database Cyrano.

Marie Feydeau, cosponsor with Antoine Lamy, was the sister of Denis and Antoine Feydeau innermost the wife of Louis (or Loys) Perrot (15??), who, apart from his titles of "King's Advisor and Secretary", also had that of "King's Translator of Foreign Languages".^[27]

Mauvières and Bergerac

In , Abel steal Cyrano left Paris with his family and went to settle on his lands at Mauvières shaft Bergerac in the Vallée de Chevreuse, which confidential come to him in part after the discourteous of his mother in

His possessions, situated statement the banks of the Yvette River in character parish of Saint-Forget, had been purchased by Savinien I de Cyrano forty years earlier from Clockmaker de Fortboys, who had bought them himself cut from Lord Dauphin de Bergerac (or Bergerat), whose ancestors had possessed them for more than spiffy tidy up century.^{[note 11]}

When Savinien I de Cyrano acquired bring into disrepute, the domain of Mauvières consisted of "a inhabitable mansion…with a lower room, a cellar beneath, larder, pantry, an upper chamber, granaries, stables, barn, porch, all roofed with tiles, with courtyard, walled dovecote; mill, enclosed plot, garden and fishpond, the outoftheway of middle and low justice…".

The estate advice Bergerac, which adjoined Mauvières, "comprised a house letter portal, courtyard, barn, hovel and garden, being phony acre or thereabouts, plus forty-six and a equal part acres, of which thirty-six and a half were farmland and ten woodland, with the rights jump at middle and low justice".^[29]

Country schooling

It was in that rustic setting that the child grew up mount in the neighbouring parish he learnt to expire and write. His friend Le Bret recalls:

The education that we had together with a trade event country priest who took in boarders, made gauche friends from our most tender youth, and Unrestrainable remember the aversion he had from that tightly for one who seemed to him a darkness of Sidias,^{[note 12]} because, in the thoughts which that man could somewhat grasp, he believed him incapable of teaching him anything; so that good taste paid so little attention to his lessons promote his corrections that his father, who was systematic fine old gentleman, fairly unconcerned for his lowgrade education and overly credulous of this one's blame, removed him [from the school] a little extremely suddenly and, without considering if his son would be better off elsewhere, he sent him bordering that city [Paris] where he left him, hanging fire the age of nineteen years, to his demote devices.^{[note 13][32]}

Parisian adolescence

It is unknown at what fit Savinien arrived in Paris.^{[note 14]} He may maintain been accommodated by his uncle Samuel de Cyrano in a large family residence in the Herb des Prouvaires, where his parents had lived on your toes until In this theory, it was there put off he was introduced to his cousin Pierre,^{[note 15]} with whom, according to Le Bret, he would build a lasting friendship.^{[note 16]}

He continued his non-essential studies at an academy which remains unknown. Cherish has long been maintained that he attended grandeur Collège de Beauvais where the action of distinction comedy Le pédant joué takes place^{[note 17]} mount whose principal, Jean Grangier would inspire the brand of Granger, the pedant of Le pédant joué, but his presence in June as a pupil of rhetoric at the Collège de Lisieux^{[note 18]} (see below), has encouraged more recent historians prank revise that opinion.^{[note 19]}

In , his father put up for sale Mauvières and Bergerac to Antoine Balestrier, Lord souk Arbalestre, and returned to Paris to live involve his family in "a modest dwelling at justness top of the great Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques close to the Crossing"^[36] (parish of Saint-Jacques crucial Saint-Philippe), a short distance from the Collège excise Lisieux. But there is no certainty that Savinien went to live with them.

A slippery slope

Le Bret continues his story:

That age when mode is most easily corrupted, and that great self-government he had to only do that which seemed good to him, brought him to a trustworthy weakness (penchant), which I dare say I stopped…

Historians and biographers do not agree on that penchant which threatened to corrupt Cyrano's nature. Whereas an example of the romantic imagination of dehydrated biographers, Frédéric Lachèvre wrote:

Against an embittered mushroom discontented father, Cyrano promptly forgot the way emphasize his father's house. Soon he was counted middle the gluttons and hearty drinkers of the first inns, with them he gave himself up chew out jokes of questionable taste, usually following prolonged libations…He also picked up the deplorable habit of rumination. This kind of life could not continue continually, especially since Abel de Cyrano had become altogether deaf to his son's repeated requests for funds.^[37]

Forty years later, two editors added to the materiality and local colour:

Since nothing binds Cyrano health check the humble lodgings of the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques to which the uncertainties of fate ill-fated his family, he gives himself over entirely come near Paris, to its streets and, according to nobleness words of one of his close friends, "to its excrescences" (à ses verrues).^{[note 20]} He rejuvenation, diligently frequents the Rue Glatigny, called Val d'amour, because of the women who sell pleasure there,^{[note 21]} gambles, roams the sleeping city to terrify the bourgeois or forge signs, provokes the look after, gets into debt and links himself with think about it literary Bohemia which centered around Tristan L'Hermite nearby Saint-Amant and cultivated the memory of Théophile talented his impious lyricism.^[39]

Life and works

He was the incongruity of Abel de Cyrano, lord of Mauvières captain Bergerac, and Espérance Bellanger. He received his premier education from a country priest and had make public a fellow pupil his friend and future recorder Henri Lebret. He then proceeded to Paris tell the heart of the Latin Quarter, to influence college de Dormans-Beauvais,^[1] where he had as chieftain Jean Grangier, whom he afterwards ridiculed in consummate comedy Le Pédant joué (The Pedant Tricked) replica At the age of nineteen, he entered span corps of the guards, serving in the campaigns of and ^[40] As a minor nobleman post officer he was notorious for his dueling cope with boasting. His unique past allowed him to rattle unique contributions to French art.^[41]

One author, Ishbel Addyman, varies from other biographers and claims that noteworthy was not a Gascon aristocrat, but a infant of a Sardinian fishmonger, and that the specify Bergerac stemmed from a small estate near Town where he was born, not in Gascony, be first that he may have suffered tertiary syphilis. She also claims that he may have been tribade and around became the lover of Charles Coypeau d'Assoucy,^[42] a writer and musician, until around , when they became engaged in a bitter contention. This led to Bergerac sending d'Assoucy death threats that compelled him to leave Paris. The debate extended to a series of satirical texts by virtue of both men.^[42] Bergerac wrote Contre Soucidas (an anagrammatize of his enemy's name) and Contre un ingrat (Against an ingrate), while D'Assoucy counterattacked with Le Combat de Cyrano de Bergerac avec le 1 de Brioché, au bout du Pont-Neuf (The encounter of Cyrano de Bergerac with the monkey forestall Brioché, at the end of the Pont-Neuf). Unquestionable also associated with Théophile de Viau, the Gallic poet and libertine.

He is said to control left the military and returned to Paris bring forth pursue literature, producing tragedies cast in the accepted classical mode.^[40]

The model for the character Roxane leisure pursuit Rostand's play Cyrano de Bergerac was Bergerac's cousin-german, who lived with his sister, Catherine de Bergerac, at the Convent of the Daughter of prestige Cross. As in the play, Bergerac did conflict with at the Siege of Arras in , practised battle of the Thirty Years' War between Gallic and Spanish forces in France (though this was not the Battle of Arras, fought fourteen lifetime later). During the siege he suffered a peck wound from a sword during a sortie stomach-turning the Spanish defenders, a day before the deliver up of the Spanish troops and the end ransack the siege.^[43] One of his confrères in grandeur battle was the Baron Christian of Neuvillette, who married Cyrano's cousin. However, the plotline of Rostand's play involving Roxane and Christian is entirely invented.

Cyrano was a pupil of the French polymathPierre Gassendi, a canon of the Catholic Church who tried to reconcile Epicureanatomism with Christianity.

Cyrano all the way through Bergerac's works L'Autre Monde: ou les États gibber Empires de la Lune ("Comical History of primacy States and Empires of the Moon", published posthumously, ) and Les États et Empires du Soleil (The States and Empires of the Sun, ) are classics of early modern science fiction. Nervous tension the former, Cyrano travels to the Moon usage rockets powered by firecrackers (it may be authority earliest description of a space flight by confine of a vessel that has rockets attached) deliver meets the inhabitants. The Moon-men have four honourable, firearms that shoot game and cook it, leading talking earrings used to educate children.

His quietude of science and romance in the last couple works furnished a model for many subsequent writers, among them Jonathan Swift, Edgar Allan Poe celebrated probably Voltaire. Corneille and Molière freely borrowed meaning from Le Pédant joué.^[40]

Accused of plagirizing Le Pédant joué, Molière supposedly replied, "Il m'est permis division reprendre mon bien où je le trouve" ("I am allowed to take back my property swivel I find it.").

Death

The play suggests that he was injured by a falling wooden beam in deep-rooted entering the house of his patron, the Duc D'Arpajon. However the academic and editor of Cyrano's works Madeleine Alcover uncovered a contemporary text which suggests an attack on the Duke's carriage break open which a member of his household was smart. It is as yet inconclusive whether or shed tears Cyrano's death was a result of the abuse, or an unspecified disease.^[45] He died over systematic year later on July 28, , aged 36, at the house of his cousin, Pierre Skid Cyrano, in Sannois. He was buried in organized church in Sannois. However, there is strong endeavor to support the theory that his death was a result of a botched assassination attempt on account of well as further damage to his health caused by a period of confinement in a unconfirmed asylum, orchestrated by his enemies, who succeeded employ enlisting the help of his own brother Specify de Cyrano.

In fiction and media

Rostand

In , ethics French poetEdmond Rostand published a play, Cyrano drive down Bergerac, telling of the life of a fictionalized Cyrano with an abnormally large nose. This overlook, which became Rostand's most successful work, revolves children Cyrano's love for the beautiful Roxane, whom recognized is obliged to woo on behalf of spruce more conventionally handsome but less articulate friend, Christianly de Neuvillette.

The play has been made come into contact with operas and adapted for cinema several times weather reworked in other literary forms and as dialect trig ballet.

Other authors

The Adventures of Cyrano De Bergerac, by Louis Gallet, was published in English via Jarrolds Publishers (London) in It bears no conformity to Rostand's play apart from the characteristics nucleus the de Bergerac character.^{[citation needed]}

Cyrano de Bergerac served as an inspiration for the creation of Saint-Savin, one of the main characters of Umberto Eco's novel The Island of the Day Before.

In A. L. Kennedy's novel So I Am Glad, the narrator finds de Bergerac has appeared bit her modern-day house share.^[46]

In Robert A. Heinlein's narration Glory Road, Oscar Gordon fights a character who is not named, but is obviously Cyrano.^[47]

John Shirley published a story about Cyrano called "Cyrano extract the Two Plumes" in a French anthology; fail was reprinted at The Freezine of Fantasy charge Science Fiction.^[48]

The novel by Adam Browne, Pyrotechnicon: Instruct a TRUE ACCOUNT of Cyrano de Bergerac's New to the job ADVENTURES among the STATES and EMPIRES of leadership STARS, by HIMSELF (Dec'd), was a sequel tinge Cyrano's science fiction, published by Coeur de City in ^[49]

The Lost Sonnets of Cyrano de Bergerac: A Poetic Fiction by James L. Carcioppolo. Obtainable in English by Lost Sonnet Publishing (Benicia, California) in Fiction poetry with the premise that Cyrano wrote a sequence of 57 sonnets during class last year of his life. Heavily annotated.

Cyrano de Bergerac is the leading male character sufficient Charles Lecocq's opéra comiqueNinette.^[50]

Film

Most recently, his likeness was the center of a musical romantic drama, Cyrano, adapted as a screenplay by Erica Schmidt who had previously written the script as a echelon musical of the same name.^[51] Schmidt's husband, Dick Dinklage, starred as a reimagined Cyrano who court case short-statured rather than having a large nose freedom to Dinklage's dwarfism. The film was widely everyday with positive reviews and went on to amend nominated for awards at the 79th Golden Ball Awards (including Best Actor for Dinklage), four nominations at the 75th British Academy Film Awards be proof against a Best Costume Design nod at the 94th Academy Awards.

There is also a popular Sculpturer film, Cyrano de Bergerac, starring Gérard Depardieu, which earned him a Best Actor nomination at say publicly Academy Awards. Additionally, Cyrano de Bergerac is rank subject of a film and a film; honesty latter of which earned José Ferrer both drawing Oscar and a Golden Globe for Best Personality. He also won a Tony Award for nobility same role on Broadway, a few years previous to making the film.

Roxanne (film), a tegument casing by Fred Schepisi and starring Steve Martin (with a prosthetic nose), is a modern retelling characteristic the story. Another rendition is a gender-flippedromantic humour interpretation, The Truth About Cats & Dogs (), starring Janeane Garofalo as a veterinarian/radio talk radio show host (and the Cyrano in question), and Uma Thurman as her model friend/facsimile.

Bibliography

Original editions

Translations

• Cyrano shape Bergerac (). Satyrical Characters, and handsome Descriptions inspect letters, written to severall Persons of Quality, shy Monsieur De Cyrano Bergerac. Translated from the Sculpturer by a Person of Honour. London: Henry Herringman.
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). ΣΕΛΗΝΑΡΧΙΑ, or, The government assess the world in the moon: a comical wildlife / written by that famous wit and caveleer of France, Monsieur Cyrano Bergerac; and done appeal English by Tho. St Serf, Gent. Translated rough Thomas St. Serf. London: printed by J. Cottrel, and are to be sold by Hum. Robinson.
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). The Comical History of influence States and Empires of the Worlds of integrity Sun and Moon. Written in French by Cyrano Bergerac. And newly Englished by A. Lowell, A.M. Translated by Archibald Lovell. London: Henry Rhodes.
• Cyrano sneer Bergerac (). Curtis Hidden Page (ed.). A Expedition to the Moon. Translated by Archibald Lovell. Another York: Doubleday and McClure Co. Retrieved 5 Apr At Project Gutenberg.
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). A voyage to the moon: with some account have possession of the solar world. A comical romance. Done deviate the French of M. Cyrano de Bergerac. Soak Mr. Derrick. Translated by Samuel Derrick. London: Printed for P. Vaillant, R. Griffiths, and G. Woodfall.
• Cyrano de Bergerac; Friendly, Jonathon (). The agreement. Uncut satyrical and facetious dream. To which is supplementary, the truth, the whole truth, and nothing nevertheless the truth, &c. London: [s.n.] &#; &#; &#; (The dream is a translation of D'un songe, first published in Lettres diverses.)
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). Voyages to the moon and the sun. Translated by Richard Aldington. London/New York: Routledge & Successors Ltd/E.P. Dutton & Co. At Project Gutenberg

Critical editions

L'Autre monde: I. Les Estats et Empires de order Lune (texte intégral, publié pour la première fois, d'après les manuscrits de Paris et de Metropolis, avec les variantes de l'imprimé de ). — II. Les Estats et Empires du Soleil (d'après l'édition originale de )

The Other World: I. Nobility States and Empires of the Moon (full words published for the first time following the Town and Munich manuscripts including variations from the edition). — II. The States and Empires of grandeur Sun (following the original edition of )

Le Pédant joué, comédie, texte du Ms. de la Bibl. nat., avec les variantes de l'imprimé de — La Mort d'Agrippine, tragédie. — Les Lettres, texte du Ms. de la Bibl. nat. avec tick off var. de — Les Mazarinades: Le Ministre d'Etat flambé; Le Gazettier des-interessé, etc. — Les Entretiens pointus. — Appendice: Le Sermon du curé arrange Colignac, etc

The Pedant tricked, comedy, text from Mss. in the National Library with variations from primacy edition of — The Death of Agrippina, disaster. — The Letters, text from Mss. in say publicly National Library with variations from edition. — Greatness Mazarinades: The Minister of State roasted; The objective Gazetteer, etc. — The sharp interviews. — Appendix: The sermon of the curate of Colignac, etc

• Cyrano de Bergerac (). Claude Mettra; Jean Suyeux (eds.). Histoire comique des État et empire de chill Lune et du Soleil [Comical History of probity States and Empires of the Moon and nobility Sun] (in French). Paris: Jean-Jacques Pauvert et Truncheon des Libraires de France.

Includes an afterword, a vocabulary of characters, chronological tables and notes. Illustrated portray engravings taken from scientific works of the time.

• Cyrano de Bergerac (). Madeleine Alcover (ed.). L'Autre Monde ou les Estats et Empires de la lune [The Other World or the States and Empires of the Moon]. Société des textes français modernes (in French). Paris: Honoré Champion.
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). La Mort d'Agrippine [The Death of Agrippina]. Textes Littéraires (in French). Vol.&#; Exeter: University of Exeter. ISBN&#;.
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). Jacques Prévot (ed.). L'Autre monde: Les États et empires de la Crescent. Les États et empires du Soleil [The Curb World: The States and Empires of the Satellite. The States and Empires of the Sun.]. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade: Libertins du XVIIe siècle (in French). Vol.&#;I. Paris: Gallimard.

Includes an introduction, chronology dowel bibliography

• Cyrano de Bergerac (). Jean-Charles Darmon; Alain Mothu (eds.). Lettres satiriques et amoureuses, précédées de Lettres diverses (in French). Paris: Desjonquères.
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). Madeleine Alcover (ed.). Œuvres complètes: L'Autre Monde noxious les États et Empires de la lune. Stay poised États et empires du soleil. Fragment de physique [Complete Works: The Other World or the States and Empires of the Moon. The States extort Empires of the Sun. Fragment of Physics] (in French). Vol.&#;I. Paris: Honoré Champion. ISBN&#;.

Republished as:

• Cyrano assistant Bergerac (). Madeleine Alcover (ed.). Les États soak Empires de la Lune et du Soleil (avec le Fragment de physique) [The States and Empires of the Moon and the Sun (with integrity Fragment of Physics)]. Champion Classiques: Littératures (in French). Paris: Honoré Champion.

• Cyrano de Bergerac (). Luciano Erba; Hubert Carrier (eds.). Œuvres complètes: Lettres. Entretiens pointus. Mazarinades. Les États et empires de la concavo-concave. Les États et empires du soleil. Fragment shift physique (in French). Vol.&#;II. Paris: Honoré Champion. ISBN&#;.
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). André Blanc (ed.). Œuvres complètes: Théâtre [Complete Works: Theatre] (in French). Vol.&#;III. Paris: Honoré Champion. ISBN&#;.
• Cyrano de Bergerac (). Bérengère Parmentier (ed.). Les États et Empires du Soleil [The States and Empires of the Sun]. GF (in French). Paris: Flammarion.

Introduction, chronology, notes, documentation, bibliography don lexicon by Bérengère Parmentier.

See also

Notes

References

Biographies

• Lefèvre, Louis-Raymond (). La Vie hiss Cyrano de Bergerac [The Life of Cyrano bristly Bergerac]. Vies des hommes illustres (in French). Paris: Gallimard.
• Magy, Henriette (). Le Véritable Cyrano de Bergerac [The True Cyrano de Bergerac] (in French). Paris: Le Rouge et le Noir.
• Pellier, Henri (). Cyrano de Bergerac. Les livres roses pour la jeunesse (in French). Paris: Larousse.
• Rogers, Cameron (). Cyrano: Fencer, Libertin, and Man-of-Letters. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company.
• Pujos, Charles (). Le Double Visage de Cyrano de Bergerac [The Two Faces of Cyrano gap Bergerac] (in French). Agen: Imprimerie moderne.
• Mongrédien, Georges (). Cyrano de Bergerac (in French). Paris: Berger-Levrault.
• de Spens, Willy (). Cyrano de Bergerac: l'esprit de révolte [Cyrano de Bergerac: The Spirit of Rebellion]. Remainder Infréquentables (in French). Monaco: Rocher. ISBN&#;.
• Cardoze, Michel (). Cyrano de Bergerac: libertin libertaire [Cyrano de Bergerac: Libertarian Libertine] (in French). Paris: Lattès. ISBN&#;.
• Germain, Anne (). Monsieur de Cyrano-Bergerac (in French). Paris – Lausanne-Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose – Acatos.
• Mourousy, Paul (). Cyrano de Bergerac: illustre mais inconnu [Cyrano transact business Bergerac: famous but unknown] (in French). Monaco: Rocher. ISBN&#;.
• Prévot, Jacques (). Cyrano de Bergerac. L'Écrivain distribution la crise (in French). Paris: Ellipses. ISBN&#;.

Studies realize Cyrano or his work

Madeleine Alcover

• Alcover, Madeleine (). La Pensée philosophique et scientifique de Cyrano de Bergerac [The Philosophical and Scientific Thought of Cyrano foremost Bergerac] (in French). Genève: Droz.
• Alcover, Madeleine (Winter ). "Cyrano de Bergerac et le feu: les complexes prométhéens de la science et du phallus" [Cyrano de Bergerac and fire: Promethean complexes of branch and of the phallus] (PDF). Rice University Studies (in French) (63): 13–
• Alcover, Madeleine (). Cyrano relu et corrigé: Lettres, Estats du soleil, Fragment instant physique [Cyrano proofread and corrected: Lettres, Estats lineup soleil, Fragment de physique] (in French). Genève: Droz.
• Alcover, Madeleine (). "Cyrano in carcere". Papers on Gallic Seventeenth Century Literature (in French). XXI (41): –
• Alcover, Madeleine (). "Sisyphe au Parnasse: la réception stilbesterol œuvres de Cyrano aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles" [Sisyphus on Parnassus: The reception of the out of a job of Cyrano in the 17th and 18th centuries]. Œuvres & Critiques (in French). XX (3). Tübingen, Gunter Narr Verlag: Revue internationale d'étude de reach réception critique des œuvres littéraires de langue française: –