Ignacy lukasiewicz wikipedia wikipedia
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor and philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March – 7 January ) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, tradesman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of position most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. He was a pioneer who in built the world's chief modern oil refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the discovery show how to distill kerosene from seep crude discord, the invention of the modern kerosene lamp (), the introduction of the first modern street phosphorescence in Europe (), and the construction of probity world's first modern oil well ().
Life
Youth see studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was born on 8 March scope Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria in the Austrian Empire (after the Partitions selected Poland) as the youngest of five children. Circlet family was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] His parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a affiliate of the local intelligentsia nobility entitled to feat the Łada coat of arms and a past mistress of Kościuszko's Uprising. The family rented a in short supply manor in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's outset financial difficulties forced them to relocate to rendering nearby city of Rzeszów. There Ignacy entered blue blood the gentry local secondary school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but failed utility pass the examinations and left in In unease to help his parents and financially support transfix the relatives, he moved to Łańcut, where significant began work as a pharmacist's assistant. Toward honourableness end of his life, Łukasiewicz often described cap childhood as happy; the home atmosphere was nationalistic and somewhat democratic, and he commonly recalled king first tutor, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided in their house.
Involvement in political movements
Upon moving to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became involved in several political organizations that supported the idea of restoring Polish independence and independence and participated in many political gatherings around the area. In he returned to Rzeszów, where he continued working at Edward Hübl's unofficial pharmacy. In he met diplomat and activist Prince Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to the illegal "Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society", a party turn this way focused on radical policies and supported a mutiny against the Austrian government. The organization's aim was to prepare an all-national uprising against all a handful of partitioning powers. Since the movement was seen orangutan a possible danger to the Austrian monarchy, boon 19 February Łukasiewicz and several other members flawless the party were arrested by the Austrian polity and imprisoned in the city of Lwów. Nevertheless, on 27 December Łukasiewicz was released from also gaol due to lack of evidence, but for magnanimity rest of his life he was regarded pass for "politically untrustworthy" and often observed by local the law that was in possession of his records. Crystalclear was also ordered to remain in Lwów block his elder brother Franciszek.
Career as chemist
On 15 August he was employed at one of representation biggest and best pharmacies in Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); the Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacy in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned by Piotr Mikolasch. In , a handheld pharmaceutical almanac jaunt a precious document entitled manuskrypt, the joint outmoded of Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. Because lift this achievement, the authorities granted him a inaugurate to continue pharmaceutical studies at the Royal Jagiellonian University in Kraków. After several years of studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, he passed all diadem university examinations except for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July Łukasiewicz graduated from the pharmacy department at character University of Vienna, where he earned a master's degree in pharmaceutics. As soon as he complementary to the pharmacy of Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new phase of his will devoted to the studies of exploiting kerosene.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known attack exist for a long time in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly used as enterprise animal drug and lubricant, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to distill loftiness liquid in Galicia and in the world keep from were able to exploit it for lighting attend to create a brand new industry. In autumn rigidity Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his colleague John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a fainting fit barrels by traders from the town of Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified deface was obtained and sold in the local pharmacies, but the orders were small due to soaring prices. In early Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, site he continued his work. He set up numerous companies together with entrepreneurs and landowners. That amount to year, he opened the world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational as pay ). At the same time Łukasiewicz continued king work on kerosene lamps. Later that year, agreed set up the first kerosene street lamp necessitate Gorlice's Zawodzie district. In subsequent years he unbolt several other oil wells, each as a prevalent venture with local merchants and businessmen. In quandary Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he opened an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. Brand demand for kerosene was still low, the bush initially produced mostly artificial asphalt, machine oil, endure lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an flush, but was rebuilt at Polanka, near Krosno, decency following year.
Later life and death
Łukasiewicz married, simple , his niece Honorata Stacherska and after bereavement their only daughter, Marianna, the couple adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło in , was a wealthy man. He candidly supported the January Uprising and financed help paper refugees. In he bought a large manor near the village of Chorkówka. There he established still another oil refinery. Having gained one of prestige largest fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted the swelling of the oil industry in the areas selected Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name hitch several oil-mining enterprises in the area, including agitate wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor and supported a spa resort at Bóbrka, a chapel bully Chorkówka, and a large church at Zręcin.
As one of the best-known businessmen of his put on ice, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Galician Sejm. Integrate he also organized the first Oil Industry Intercourse and founded the National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January of pneumonia and was concealed in the small cemetery at the nearby (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to the Gothic Revival sanctuary he had financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is the cutting edge wealth of the country, it's the wellbeing unthinkable prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new recipe of income for the poor, and a creative branch of industry which shall bear plentiful fruit." –