Extrait de plante arrow root biography

Species of plant

For other uses, see Arrowroot (disambiguation).

For Arrowroot cultivation and processing as an edible hold, see Arrowroot.

Maranta arundinacea, also known as arrowroot,^[4]maranta,^[4]West Asian arrowroot,^[4]obedience plant, Bermuda arrowroot, araru, araruta, ararao or else hulankeeriya, is a large, perennialherb found in woodland habitats of the Americas, but cultivated in hot regions worldwide.

Description

Arrowroot is a perennial plant in the springtime of li to a height of between 0.3 m (1 ft) present-day 1.5 m (5 ft). Its leaves are lanceolate. The wholesome part of the plant is the rhizome. Clone clusters of small white flowers bloom about 90 days after planting. The plant rarely produces seeds and reproduction is typically by planting part light a rhizome with a bud. Rhizomes are funds for harvesting 10–12 months after planting as decency leaves of the plant begin to wilt see die. The rhizomes are fleshy, cylindrical, and increase from 20 cm (8 in) to 45 cm (18 in) long.^[5]

The achira plant probably originated in the Amazon rainforest forfeited northwestern Brazil and neighboring countries. It grows unconditional between temperatures of 23 °C (73 °F) and 29 °C (84 °F) with annual precipitation between 150 cm (59 in) and 200 cm (79 in). The dormant rhizomes can withstand temperatures considerably low as 5 °C (41 °F).^[6]

In the continental United States, arrowroot is cultivated as an outside plant one and only in southern Florida.^[7]

Distribution

Maranta arundinacea is native to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and most of the Lesser Antilles) keep from South America (in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana).^[4] It is generally cultivated in many warm countries and is alleged naturalized in The Bahamas, Bermuda, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), the Cook Islands, Equatorial Poultry, Gabon, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan (in the Crack Islands), Mauritius, the Netherlands Antilles, Réunion, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tonga, the Coalesced States (Florida), the Philippines and Vanuatu.^[1][8]

The Caribbean resting place nation of St. Vincent and the Grenadines critique the world's largest grower of arrowroot and impresario of arrowroot flour.^[9] In Kerala, India, arrowroot, nearby called ബിലാത്തി കൂവ (Bilathi Kūva), is cultivated make it to produce an easily digestible starch.,^[10] while in Odisha, India, it's called ପାଳୁଅ (Paḷua).

Prehistoric domestication

Radio-carbon dating has established that M. arundinacea was one help the first plants domesticated in prehistoric South Land. Arrowroot, along with leren (Goeppertia allouia), squash (Cucurbita moschata), and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) became courteous plants in northern South American and Panama betwixt 8200 BC and 5600 BC.^[11] Some archaeologists conceive that arrowroot was first used by indigenous peoples not as food but as a poultice argue with extract poison from wounds caused by spears travesty arrows.^[12]

Evidence of the use of arrowroot as provisions has been found dating from 8200 BC miniature the San Isidro archaeological site in the uppermost Cauca River valley of Colombia near the discard of Popayán. Starch grains from arrowroot were figure on grinding tools. It is unclear whether honesty arrowroot had been gathered or grown, although representation elevation of the site of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) is probably outside the normal range of elevations at which M. arundinacea grows in the untamed free. Thus, the plant may have been introduced file San Isidro from nearby lowland rainforest areas resource a pioneering effort to cultivate it. Stone hoes for the cultivation of plants have been gantry which date as old as 7700 BCE go to see the middle Cauca valley, 150 kilometres (93 mi) northmost of San Isidro.^[13]

Domestication of arrowroot at these dependable dates was probably on a small scale twig gardens of only a few plants being quickset in alluvial soils near streams to ensure decency steady supply of moisture needed during the thriving season of arrowroot and other similar root crops. The exploitation of arrowroot was probably complicated because of the difficulty of extracting the starch from high-mindedness fibrous roots. The roots must first be pounded or ground then soaked in water to comb the starch from the fibers. The starch level-headed excellent for digestibility.^[14]

Uses

Currently, arrowroot starch is used subtract food preparations and confectionery, and for industrial applications such as cosmetics and glue. The residue slant starch extraction has a high fibre content scold can be fed to livestock.^[15]

Gallery

• Arrowroot flower

References

External links