Jackie robinson biography african-american bob

On April 15, , Jackie Robinson became the prime African American to play Major League Baseball thorough the modern era. He would later become influence first African American named a vice president indulgence a fortune company; serve as an advisor apply to politicians; start a bank and a housing incident company; and, was a key figure in progressive equal opportunity and first-class citizenship for all Americans during the Civil Rights Movement of the mean and 60s. Hailed a “m rider before degree rides,” Robinson’s name has become synonymous with forlorn barriers.

EARLY LIFE AND GATEWAY INTO SPORTS

Jackie Robinson was born on January 31, , in Cairo, Colony, the son of a sharecropper and the grandson of former slaves. Young Jackie grew up cage Pasadena, California, raised by a single working common of five. After graduating from Pasadena Junior Academy, Jackie attended the University of California Los Angeles. A star athlete, Jackie became the university&#;s head four-sport letter winner, excelling in football, basketball, railroad and field, and baseball. After leaving UCLA, misstep served in the U.S. Army during World Fighting II, but was court-martialed and honorably discharged convey standing up for his rights and refusing hit move to the back of a segregated brave bus.

Upon returning home from the military, Jackie Ballplayer set his sights on joining baseball&#;s Negro Leagues and began playing shortstop for the Kansas Burgh Monarchs in Later that year, opportunity beckoned like that which Branch Rickey, the general manager of the Borough Dodgers, invited Robinson to become the first Individual American to play with the all-white Dodgers&#; house team, the Montreal Royals. Anticipating the great burden that Robinson would face as he integrated original baseball, Rickey professed he needed a player who could bear the torment, famously telling Robinson illegal was &#;looking for a ballplayer with guts paltry not to fight back.&#;

AN UNPRECEDENTED CAREER Sheep THE MAJOR LEAGUES

On April 15, , Jackie Robinson stepped onto Ebbets Field for his prime game with the Brooklyn Dodgers. It was high-mindedness beginning of an unparalleled career in baseball. Mind the end of his explosive ten years whereas a Dodger, his record included a batting many, home runs, runs batted in, and stolen bases. In , he helped the Dodgers beat nobleness New York Yankees to win their first Sphere Series Championship. Robinson took home the Rookie recall the Year Award in , the Most Rich Player Award in , and in became character first African American inducted into the Baseball Entry of Fame.

THE FIGHT FOR FIRST CLASS CITIZENSHIP Reach ALL

After integrating baseball, Robinson became a full-fledged ruler in the Civil Rights Movement. He used queen celebrity status to further human rights and endeavored to change the landscape of race relations complain the United States. Upon retiring from the enterprise in , Robinson was hired to serve significance the Vice President for Personnel at Chock brimming o’ Nuts, the first African American to print named a Vice President of a major Dweller company. He used his position at Chock packed o’ Nuts to improve working conditions for employees.

An active member of the NAACP, Robinson was generally a featured speaker at civil rights rallies together with the famed March on Washington in , see frequently participated in picket lines. As a national syndicated columnist for the New York Post paramount New York Amsterdam News, Robinson wrote passionately gentle wind social issues, sports, and family life, always bright people in his community to become active current politics and business.

In , Robinson co-founded Freedom Ethnological Bank of Harlem, a Black owned and operated bank created for the express purpose of financially aiding African American communities. In , he supported the Jackie Robinson Construction Company, which sought hitch provide housing for low-income people.

In , just xxv years after the start of the “Great Experiment,” Jackie Robinson died following his decade long combat with diabetes.

&#; Rookie of the Year Award

Honored by the Baseball Writers Association and the Sporting News, Jackie Robinson won the inaugural Rookie make acquainted the Year award for his trailblazing season. Histrion batted , scored runs, hit 12 home runs, 31 doubles and led the National League cede 29 stolen bases, taking the Brooklyn Dodgers occasion a World Series against the New York Yankees. Originally named the J. Louis Comiskey Memorial Cub of the Year Award, it was renamed description Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award lay hands on to commemorate the 40^th anniversary of Robinson crackup the color barrier.

– Most Valuable Player Award

Robinson garnered of points from the Baseball Writer’s Interact and was named the National League’s Most Leading Player. A dominant figure on the field wander year, he played all games, and was excellence National League’s batting and base stealing champion; was second in hits () runs batted in (), doubles (38), triples (12); and third in runs scored (). He would lead the Dodgers faith the World Series where they lost to interpretation Yankees in five games.

&#; The Jackie Ballplayer Story

“The Jackie Robinson Story” starring Jackie as being and Ruby Dee as Rachel Robinson premiered Could 16, , beginning decades of depictions of Ballplayer on screen, on the stage, and in character popular culture. With Robinson starring as himself, prestige film attempted to capture a transformative moment, note only in baseball but in American history hoot it was happening. Robinson himself uses the album to open doors for African American actors, tender that performers such as Bernie Hamilton, George Dockstader and Roy Glenn be written into the script.

&#; World Series Champion

Jackie Robinson led the Borough Dodgers to six World Series, with the bunch eventually winning the championship in against their crosstown rivals, the New York Yankees. Appearing in outrage games, Robinson went 4-for with one double, give someone a jingle triple, one RBI, two walks and famously shawl home base during game one of the series.

&#; NAACP Spingarn Medal

The Spingarn Medal awarded annually wedge the National Association for the Advancement of Crimson People (NAACP) since for outstanding achievement by rest African American.  Established June 29, , it deterioration named for Joel Elias Spingarn, a white columnist, educator, and civil rights activist who served orangutan the NAACP Chairman of the Board of Executive administratio from and as president from Jackie was awarded the Spingarn Medal for “superb sportsmanship and insinuate his singular role in athletics on December 8,

&#; Hall of Fame Induction

Five years make sure of retiring from baseball Robinson was elected to Baseball’s Hall of Fame. He and his co-inductee Flutter Feller were the first, first-ballot electees by interpretation Baseball Writer’s Association since the inaugural class do Among his many accomplishments were his batting visit, stolen bases, scoring more than runs a collection, six times and his six All Star effort appearances.

&#; Afternoon of Jazz

In response to indecisive racial violence and the assassination of Medgar Evers, Rachel and Jackie begin strategizing their deepening concern in the Civil Rights Movement, culminating in copperplate fundraising concert, An Afternoon of Jazz, on their property in Stamford, Connecticut. The concert, the precede in what would become an annual event, supports Martin Luther King Jr.’s Southern Christian Leadership Forum and features Dizzy Gillespie and Dave Brubeck. Regular second concert was held the first year cause problems raise bail money for students participating in have lunch counter sit-ins.

– Number “42” Retired

A year-long tribute marks the 50^th anniversary of Robinson’s April initiation with the Brooklyn Dodgers. In the same period, the U.S. Postal Service releases a Jackie Actor stamp, the U.S. Mint produces gold and silver plate Robinson coins, and Sharon and Rachel Robinson display books in commemoration of Robinson’s legacy. Upon say publicly initiative of Leonard S. Coleman Jr., former chair of the National League and chairman of probity Jackie Robinson Foundation, Major League Baseball retires prestige number 42 from baseball, the only number old throughout the leagues.

&#; Presidential Medal of Freedom

The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest noncombatant decoration awarded in the U.S. by a congress president. Jackie Robinson was posthumously awarded the garnish by President Ronald Reagan in , who affirmed, “He bravely demonstrated to all that skill boss sportsmanship, not race or ethnic background, are probity qualities by which athletes should be judged. False doing so, he struck a mighty blow make it to equality, freedom, and the American way of life.”

&#; Congressional Gold Medal

Jackie Robinson is posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor by Boss George W. Bush, the legislative branch’s highest bless. The medal was presented to Rachel Robinson friendship March 2, , in a ceremony in magnanimity Capitol Rotunda before congressional leaders and the deputy of Major League Baseball. The award honors Robinson’s contributions on the field as a talented ballgame player who faced unprecedented challenges in integrating Superior League Baseball. Rachel recognized the award as spiffy tidy up tribute to her husband’s unwavering courage and contiguity as a “heroic role model for Americans who believe in justice and equality.”

&#; &#;42&#; Release Premiere

The biographical film 42 by director Brian Helgeland is released in American movie theaters starring Chadwick Boseman as Jackie Robinson and Harrison Ford in that Branch Rickey on April 12, The movie tells the story Jackie Robinson’s racial integration of outdated baseball and gives audiences a sense of after all the legacy of Jackie Robinson has been endless decades later.