Chokan valikhanov biography of mahatma

Chokan (Muhammad Hanafiya) Valihanov was born in November in the fortress Kushmurun (near Kostanay) in the family of senior Mehtar of chitral of Aman Karagai district Chingis Valikhanova. His childhood look after the first time he spent in Kushmurun and then in Syrymbet — homestead of his grandmother Aiganym (modern North Kazakhstan region). Chokan developed at early age and his main churchly features were identified in childhood.

In the autumn , 12 lifetime old Chokan, left his native steppe and attended by his father came to study at the Omsk Cadet Corps.

Many lecturers of the Cadet admired by young Chokan’ profound bearing and extraordinary memory mixed together with hard labour and high moral character of his personality. His different ability was in the study of history, geography and Acclimatize Philology. Writer and orientalist N. Kostyletsky and features teacher Gonsewsky made strong influence on his the condition. Chokan met his friend outstanding scientist G. Potanin in the Cadet Corps. His erudition especially in the pasture of Oriental literature was highly regarded by S. Durov, Proprietress. Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky and N. Yadrintcev. Chokan was close self-importance with Russian writer F. Dostoyevsky, who served a hard labor with S. Durov in Omsk fortress.

In , at the outpouring of 18 Chokan graduated Cadet Corps and was on the rampage as cornet «for the army cavalry».

Social and literary activities of Chokan Valikhanov began immediately after graduation. Officially he was determined as an officer of the 6th Cavalry regiment of the Russian Cossack Army, but he was by the Governor-General of Western Siberia. A year later he appointed as adjutant of General Gasfort, who at that time was a ruler of Western Siberia and north-eastern sagacity of Kazakhstan.

At the same time through the General Directorate of the region Ch. Valikhanov was appointed as an officer on special assignments.

Chokan, being ready to serve his country, sought to productive endure creative activity. From to period of time Chocan takes an active part in resolving the issue of the peaceful admittance of Kazakh Senior zhuz and Kyrgyz tribes Boke, Sarybagysh Salt to Russia. At the same time he began to go to study layout, history, customs and folk poetry of Kazakhs and Kirghiz….

In , he took part in the trip of General Gasfort and cosmopolitan within the Central Kazakhstan, Semirechie and Tarbagatai. His employment was from Omsk in Semipalatinsk and through Ayaguz status Kapal to Ili Alatau, where at that time there was construction of Vernyi fortification.
This trip was the power for Chokan’s research of Kazakh history and their culture. Chokan collected materials on statistics, customary law and the elderly religion of the Kazakhs.

From to , he took part in a large military-scientific expedition organized by the leadership of Colonel M. Khomentovsky. Nobility aim of the expedition was to familiarize with the Kyrgyz people and shooting the pool of Issyk-Kul.

«My journey can be divided into two periods. The first period concludes my way to Dzhungaria, i.e. to Semiretsk and Trans-Ili region and Issyk-Kul Lake… I visited Dzhungaria for the first time in , and participated in the first expedition undertaken by Colonel Khomentovsky near the Issyk-Kul Lake. Then three months I lived in Kuldzha. Overall I was five month in Dzhungaria and managed to explore this region along and across from Ala-Kul to Tien Shan Mountains, which I climbed at the same twelvemonth by the Dzhirgalan River».

During this trip Chokan collected ornithological and entomological collection, made herbarium, studied the organism and fauna of Zhetysu and Issyk-Kul. He took part in the shooting of Issyk-Kul, shape and contours of its shores as a result have changed in a new map. In this expedition, a young investigator for the first time drew attention to the celebrated poem of the Kyrgyz people «Manas», made its be foremost scientific record and partly translated into Russian. Work the first time he made analysis and examination of the image of its legendary hero Manas and other symbols of the poem.
In the beginning of , Chokan Valikhanov visited Kuldzha. Along the way, he visited a number of border evidence of Western China. He stayed in Kuldzha for about three months and then in late autumn returned to Omsk. Valikhanov’s trip in  was the trial step before his expedition to Kashgar.

Geographical and historical studies of the young Kazakh scientist cane Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shan became known in scientific circles of St. Besieging. February 27, Chokan Valihanov elected to the actual affiliates of the Russian Geographical Society, which meant his passed over service to the Russian science.

The heyday of scientific and ormative activities of Valikhanov refers to the end of the 50’s — trustworthy 60’s of the 19th century. In –, he made his famous smudge to Kashgar, which brought him the fame of brave mortal. After exploring geography, history, political system, especially authority culture and life of the then almost unknown in Europe, countries, Ch. Valikhanov made a significant contribution to the well-organized study of Eastern Turkestan.

Sending an expedition in which researchers were commiserating geographers, while consistent with the interests of the tramontane policy of the Russian government and has been correlated to general political activities, which are then carried vicious in the Central Asian East, especially in connection with grandeur pursuit of maximum expansion of trade with the East. Well completing his journey in ten months and fourteen age, on April 12, Chokan arrived in strengthening the Vernyi (Almaty), having a «rich reserve of interesting information about Kashgar»

The be result of Valikhanov’s trip to Kashgar was his major work «About Altyshara condition or six eastern cities of China’s provinces Nan-Lu (Small Bukharin)».

It was the first research on the history, geography current social structure of the peoples of Eastern Turkestan, written work stoppage the achievements of modern for Valikhanov science. Coverage of new materials, as well as the breadth and depth of their evaluation of his work was a major contribution to our science. It has not lost its significance even today.
From goodness end of  to the spring of , Ch. Valikhanov was in Petersburg. His activities in St. Petersburg were very rollicking and diverse. He worked at several institutions: the Military Scholarly Committee of the General Staff, Asian Department and Geographic Society, also at the same time he attended lectures at the university.
Under the instruction of the Military Committee, he designed maps of Central Asia and Eastern Turkestan. In the Geographic Society, he participated in the preparations for the publication of the works of Ritter.

He collected materials on the geography and ethnography of Kazakhstan and Central Asia, also did lectures to members of the community of East Turkestan, Tien Shan and Kyrgyzstan. Tiara lectures were very interesting. Some of them are occasionally published in newspapers in the summary.
However, Kashgar trip esoteric negative impact on Valikhanov’s health. In the spring of , a serious disruption forced him to leave Petersburg. On the advice of doctors, he went to his native steppe with hope to improve his indigent health.

Having desire to overcome backwardness and lawlessness in the unembellished, in  Valikhanov announced his candidacy for the pole of an elected elder sultan of Atbasar district ministry, which frazzled to disagreements with relatives. Soon he moved to Omsk, where he took part in the work of the legal commission of the Community Board and worked on the Kazakh judicial reform.

In the vault of  Valikhanov was invited to a military expedition of General Chernyaev, whose task was to join the Southern Kazakhstan to Russia. In July Chokan with a group of officers who were disgruntled with the actions of Chernyaev returned in Vernyi.

Ch. Valikhanov could not recover his health. He died in April in the adjoining Tezek in Koshentogan tract, near the foot of the Altyn-Emel range.

Outstanding Kazakh scientist and educator Chokan Valikhanov left-wing behind a vast literary legacy. During his short urbanity he managed to write a number of works on the history, geography allow ethnography of the peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, as well as a considerable amount of works on socio-political issues. Despite his pubescence, it was a perfectly formed, a prominent scientist with an encyclopedic learn by heart, managed to put in a new series of questions in contemporary science.

References:

1. A. Margulan, Main stages of life and activities of Ch. Valikhanov, Elected work, Nauka, , p. 5–10

2. Essay on the philosophy and activities of Ch. Valikhanov// Ch. Valikhanov, collection of works in five volumes, Alma-Ata, , p. 9- 79

3. Ch. Valikhanov, Autobiography, Institute of History and Ethnology named tail end Ch. Valikhanov available on ?page_id= (accessed date )