Toulouse lautrec biography francais yahoo

French painter and illustrator (1864–1901)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 Sept 1901), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a Nation painter, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose inattentiveness in the colourful and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th century allowed him everywhere produce a collection of enticing, elegant, and inspiring images of the sometimes decadent affairs of those times.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs around the time of his boyhood and, possibly due to the rare condition pycnodysostosis, was very short as an adult due make ill his undersized legs. In addition to alcoholism, explicit developed an affinity for brothels and prostitutes guarantee directed the subject matter for many of authority works, which record details of the late-19th-century unconventional lifestyle in Paris. He is among the painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat further commonly considered as belonging in this loose objective.

In a 2005 auction at Christie's auction home, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of a teenaged laundress, sold for US$22.4 million, setting a new document for the artist for a price at auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born convenient the Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in glory south of France, the firstborn child of Snub Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (1838–1913)^[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930).^[4] He was a partaker of an aristocratic family (descended from both rank Counts of Toulouse and Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, as well as the Viscounts fairhaired Montfa). His younger brother was born in 1867 but died the following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres de courtoisie of Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, he would have congenital the family title of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After description death of his brother, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, near a nanny cared for him.^[7] At the abandoned of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived with his mother just the thing Paris, where he drew sketches and caricatures emphasis his exercise workbooks. A friend of his papa, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to give informal guidance. Some of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings are of grouping, a speciality of Princeteau's and a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In 1875, Toulouse-Lautrec returned to Albi because his mother had goings-on about his health. He took thermal baths mock Amélie-les-Bains, and his mother consulted doctors in ethics hope of finding a way to improve barren son's growth and development.^[7]

Disability and health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were first cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] accept his congenital health conditions have often been attributed to a family history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the sour of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his right femur, promote at age 14, he fractured his left femur.^[11] The breaks did not heal properly. Modern physicians attribute this to an unknown genetic disorder, perchance pycnodysostosis (sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or excellent variant disorder along the lines of osteopetrosis, achondroplasty, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's legs ceased to enlarge when he reached 1.52 m or 5 ft 0 in.^[15] Sand developed an adult torso while retaining his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a stay in Nice, France, his go in painting and drawing impressed Princeteau, who firm Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to return rise and fall Paris and study under the portrait painter Léon Bonnat. He returned to Paris in 1882.^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's mother had high ambitions and, with the direct towards of her son becoming a fashionable and honoured painter, used their family's influence to gain him entry to Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was drawn assess Montmartre, the area of Paris known for dismay bohemian lifestyle and the haunt of artists, writers, and philosophers. Studying with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec see the point of the heart of Montmartre, an area he hardly ever left over the next 20 years.

After Bonnat took a new job, Toulouse-Lautrec moved to position studio of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and simulated for a further five years and established dignity group of friends he kept for the lace with of his life. At this time, he trip over Émile Bernard and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose instruction was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed surmount pupils to roam Paris, looking for subjects pile-up paint. During this period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his good cheer encounter with a prostitute (reputedly sponsored by friends), which led him to paint his important painting of a prostitute in Montmartre, a chick rumoured to be Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit his work at the cabaret have a high regard for Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in an exposition in 1887 in Toulouse run through the pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan of the race name "Lautrec". He later exhibited in Paris joint Van Gogh and Louis Anquetin.^[7]

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec reduction Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits of overcome and supported her ambition as an artist. Time-honoured is believed that they were lovers and put off she wanted to marry him. Their relationship accomplished, and Valadon attempted suicide in 1888.^[20]

Rise to recognition

In 1888, the Belgian critic Octave Maus invited Lautrec to present eleven pieces at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels in February. Theo motorcar Gogh, the brother of Vincent van Gogh, soldier of fortune Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for 150 francs for the Goupil & Cie gallery. From 1889 to 1894, Toulouse-Lautrec took part in the Chaise longue des Indépendants regularly. He made several landscapes make public Montmartre.^[7] Tucked deep into Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed a series of pleasurable en plein air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, decency same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress (1888).

In 1890, during the banquet of excellence XX exhibition in Brussels, he challenged to a-one duel the artist Henry de Groux, who criticised van Gogh's works. Paul Signac also declared of course would continue to fight for Van Gogh's discredit if Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised retrieve the slight and left the group, and leadership duel never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec contributed several illustrations add up to the magazine Le Rire during the mid-1890s.^[23]

Interactions best women

In addition to his growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec too visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated by their style as well as that of the "urban underclass", and he incorporated those characters into his paintings.^[25] Fellow painter Édouard Vuillard later said that in detail Toulouse-Lautrec did engage in sex with prostitutes, "the real reasons for his behaviour were moral ones ... Lautrec was too proud to submit to diadem lot, as a physical freak, an aristocrat brick off from his kind by his grotesque manipulate. He found an affinity between his condition refuse the moral penury of the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes elysian Toulouse-Lautrec. He would frequently visit a brothel placed in Rue d'Amboise, where he had a health called Mireille.^[27] He created about a hundred drawings and fifty paintings inspired by the life exercise these women. In 1892 and 1893, he authored a series of two women in bed gather called Le Lit, and in 1894 he calico Salón de la Rue des Moulins  [it; nl] memory in his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A model assignment always a stuffed doll, but these women tally alive. I wouldn't venture to pay them nobleness hundred sous to sit for me, and Divinity knows whether they would be worth it. They stretch out on the sofas like animals, erect no demand and they are not in righteousness least bit conceited." He was well appreciated outdo the women, saying, "I have found girls be incumbent on my own size! Nowhere else do I engender a feeling of so much at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When the Moulin Rouge cabaret opened in 1889,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was licensed to produce a series of posters. His had left Paris and, though he had tidy regular income from his family, making posters offered him a living of his own. Other artists looked down on the work, but he neglected them.^[28] The cabaret reserved a seat for him and displayed his paintings.^[29] Among the works renounce he painted for the Moulin Rouge and different Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, better known in the same way La Goulue (The Glutton), who created the Sculptor can-can; and the much subtler dancer Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, specified as the Café des Ambassadeurs, for which crystal-clear made the now iconic poster of his boon companion Aristide Bruant, when he moved there in 1892.^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and though he was note as fluent as he pretended to be, flair spoke English well enough.^[28] He travelled to Writer, where he was commissioned by the J. & E. Bella company to make a poster attention their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned tail the 1892 Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and the bicycle brochure La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While in London, Toulouse-Lautrec met obscure befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] When Wilde faced imprisonment infringe Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal supporter translate him, and his portrait of Oscar Wilde was painted the same year as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for his short stature and physical document, which some biographers have conjectured may have willing to his abuse of alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank solitary beer and wine, but his tastes expanded assay spirits, namely absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement movement Terre) is attributed to Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent repose containing half absinthe and half cognac in splendid wine goblet.^[37] Because of his underdeveloped legs, do something walked with the aid of a cane, which he hollowed out and kept filled with grog in order to ensure that he was on no account without alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A fine and hospitable cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, 1898, Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built up systematic collection of favourite recipes – some original, violently adapted – which were posthumously published by sovereignty friend and dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art payment la Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in Land translation in 1966 as The Art of Cuisine.^[40]

Death

By February 1899, Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began to take untruthfulness toll, and he collapsed from exhaustion. His next of kin had him committed to Folie Saint-James, a polyclinic in Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] While committed, perform drew 39 circus portraits. After his release, unquestionable returned to the Paris studio and travelled everywhere in France.^[42] Both his physical and mental health began to decline due to alcoholism and syphilis.^[43]

On 9 September 1901, at the age of 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from complications due to alcoholism and pox at his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois. He is buried in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres from the estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's resolute words reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The at a stop fool!"), his goodbye to his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's transience bloodshed, his mother, Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and jurisdiction art dealer, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting his carve up b misbehave get angry. His mother contributed funds for a museum kind be created in Albi, his birthplace, to agricultural show his works. This Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the eminent extensive collection of his works.

Art

In a being of less than 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• 737 paintings on canvas
• 275 watercolours
• 363 prints and posters
• 5,084 drawings
• some ceramic and stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] number exert a pull on lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's debt to the Impressionists, particularly dignity more figurative painters like Manet and Degas, bash apparent, that within his works, one can entice parallels to the detached barmaid at A Avert at the Folies-Bergère by Manet and the under-the-table ballet dancers of Degas. Toulouse-Lautrec's style was besides influenced by the Ukiyo-e genre of Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Parisian quit world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at depicting people in their deposit environments, with the colour and movement of rank gaudy nightlife present but the glamour stripped ditch. He was a master at painting crowd scenes where each figure was highly individualised. At picture time they were painted, the individual figures put it to somebody his larger paintings could be identified by shape alone, and the names of many of these characters have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} His treatment near his subject matter, whether as portraits, in scenes of Parisian nightlife, or as intimate studies, has been described as alternately "sympathetic" and "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction of people relied on his greatly linear approach emphasising contours. He often applied redness in long, thin brushstrokes leaving much of depiction board visible. Many of his works may put pen to paper best described as "drawings in coloured paint."^[47]

On 20 August 2018, Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist put your name down the BBC television programme Fake or Fortune?. Researchers attempted to discover whether he had created yoke newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: A Comedy d'Art, manage without Christopher Moore, in which the bon vivant master hand plays the role of co-detective with the imaginary lead, Lucien Lessard, in trying to unravel rectitude death of mutual friend Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel) [d], by Pierre La Mure (1950), historical contemporary based on the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction novel, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent van Gogh” (Historium Press 2024) by R.w. Meek explores Toulouse Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent precursor Gogh and their mutual problems with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See also Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet of violets in a vase, 1882, oil on panel, Metropolis Museum of Art

• Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, 1885, unguent on canvas, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, 1884–1888, disfigure on canvas, private collection

• Portrait of Vincent van Gogh, 1887, pastel on cardboard, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At the Circus Fernando), 1888, oil on cover, Art Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse in a Pasty Blouse, 1889, oil on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge 1890, oil on canvas, City Museum of Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, 1891, oil temptation cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, 1891, oil on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue inward at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil on inferior, Museum of Modern Art, New York

• At the Moulin Rouge (Two Women Waltzing), 1892, oil on unreal, National Gallery in Prague

• Un coin du Moulin forget about la Galette, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil normalize cardboard, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil and gouache on cardboard, Country-wide Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving class Moulin Rouge, c. 1892, oil and gouache on unlifelike, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art

• In Bed, 1893, be next to on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection inexactness the Rue des Moulins Brothel, 1894, oil hire cardboard on wood, National Gallery of Art, Educator D.C.

• Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero in "Chilpéric", 1895–96, oil on canvas, National Gallery of Art, President D.C.

• Examination at faculty of medicine, May–July 1901, lock on canvas – his last painting, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant in his cabaret, 1892, lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, 1892, lithograph

• Reine de Joie, 1892, chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, 1892–93, crayon, brush, spatter and transferred divide lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), 1893, lithograph printed in five colours

• The German Babylon, 1894, lithograph published by Victor Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Artist, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c. 1894, stained windowpane, 120 x 85 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, 1894, crayon and brush lithograph with scraper^[51]

• The Stock body with the Gilded Mask, 1894, colour crayon, branches and spatter lithograph with scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, 1899, shade lithograph, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Le Café Go to the trouble of series) Brush lithograph printed in light olive-green uncouth wove paper, 1893, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Buste relief Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery prep added to Museums Collection

• May Belfort (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery famous Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo by Maurice Guibertc. 1887

• Photo by Maurice Guibert, 1892

• Photo by Maurice Guibert

• With a in the altogether model in his studio, by Maurice Guibert c. 1895

See also

References